Archaeology Of The Old Worlds Of Africa, Brittany, Cornwall, Egypt, Ireland, France, Greece, Mesopot

Megaliths of Shoria: The Russia Stonehenge


Megaliths of Shoria: The Russia Stonehenge

SPECIAL REPORT

In what may soon be considered a find for the ages, Russian geologists are carefully releasing information on a newly discovered Megalithic site nestled in the mountains of southern Kuzbass. First documented in 1991 the "Russian Stonehenge" is located in the Kemerovo region 1200 meters (about a mile), above sea level. According to some of the early testing, the site is around 100,000 years old, rises about 40 meters high, (131 feet) and extends for 200 meters,(656 feet), in an area of the Shoria mountains. As you view these incredible images – you’ll notice that the rocks are position in a systematic manner – and some of the stonework is 1,000+ tons.

This gallery shows some of the first photographs taken of the site – and the massive size of the stonework used to create the structures.

Here are a few highlights (translated) from researcher George Sidorov in a Russian article;
- One of the initiators of the expedition - a native of the Kemerovo region, researcher George Sidorov, wrote, “What we saw there was shocking in its scope. Huge granite blocks stacked in a wall of polygonal masonry."

- "Geologists found construction compared with Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids. They intend to return this summer, to (try) and solve the mystery of its origin", - he told the ITAR- Tass, deputy chairman of the Tomsk branch of the Russian Geographical Society Eugene Wertman .

- According to preliminary estimates, the height of the "wall " - about 40 meters and length - nearly 200 meters. Length of stones that make up the construction of about - 20 meters, and the height - 5-7 meters . Each block weighs over 1000 tons.

- Scientists consider two versions for the origin of the structure. On one of them, it appeared in the days of ancient civilization:

"Most likely, this culture had technology which is incomprehensible and inaccessible to us. The question arises: how did they erect the buildings, and raise the blocks on the high mountains over 1000 meters.

https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.435853863203273.1073741952.208845839237411&type=3

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Additional notes from the Geologist

What we saw was beyond all our expectations. We faced the wall, built of huge granite blocks, some of which reach a length of 20 meters and a height of 6 meters. Interestingly, the megalithic masonry, sometimes alternated polygonal masonry is highly unusual. At the top of the wall, we saw traces of ancient rock fusion. It was clear to us that the structure was destroyed by powerful thermonuclear explosions or some type. I’m not sure what kind of facility we’re looking at - we could not figure it out. But we filmed megalithic blocks, their locks - articulation, scattered around the giant granite bricks .

In the afternoon, we went to the neighboring peak, where before our eyes a strange cyclopean construction of vertically set boulders standing on a giant foundation. We all came to the conclusion that we were observing ancient energotsentral design, because in some places the vertical plates of the capacitor has been blocked by powerful horizontal blocks. Photographed strange constructions, we went down to the camp.

It was clear that we are dealing with something mysterious and very ancient. On the second night in the camp, many of our people, in spite of fatigue, hardly slept. We tried to understand that we face. Such as giant blocks that weigh much more than bricks Baalbeck granite terraces were at 1,100 and above meters. What purpose it was all built and then destroyed a powerful thermal effect?

The next morning, we decided to do additional research on the ruins.

The conclusion was unequivocal, we are faced with is an unexplainable phenomenon of negative magnetic field. Where does it come from? Maybe it's the residual phenomenon of ancient antigravity technologies. At the same time, we measured the background radiation; it was lower than in the city. Could be evaluated and other ruins, which stood at a distance, but we had a tension with time, moreover, also in the mountains began to snow, and we had to curtail our research . The only thing that we have, so it’s removed from the special unmanned studied the ruins and the nearby mountains panorama aerial view.

(Photos taken from a video slide presentation.)
https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.435853863203273.1073741952.208845839237411&type=1

Mind-altering stone placed perfectly in position and weighing in excess of 1500 tons. Notice the perfect seams on each side.










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from; https://www.facebook.com/pages/Earth-Ancients/208845839237411

 

Japan's Mysterious Pyramids (Yonaguni) - FULL VERSION History Channel Documentary

Japan's Mysterious Pyramids (Yonaguni)
- FULL VERSION History Channel Documentary



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a lot of people do NOT even know Japan has pyramids
or, places under the sea off the coast
(part of old mu or lemuria)

 

Hidden treasures revealed in Afghanistan

Hidden treasures revealed in Afghanistan 
Crossroads of the Ancient World at the British Museum



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this is supposed to be a great country, so, i'm sure someone is doing a lot of lying in the mainstream media

 

1000 year old city discovered in china - UNDER THE WATER - LION CITY in Qiandao Lake



Qiandao Lake, Diving into sunken Lion City (Liquid Image HD320)
http://shanghairoar.blogspot.com/2010/09/diving-into-sunken-city.html[/BCOLOR]

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find and post pics on this discovery

 

44 PRYAMIDS in CHINA Uyghrs - Atlantis - Lemuria - Mu - Cave Art




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THE CHINESE WHITE PYRAMID



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Korean ancient pyramid inside Chinese territory 버팀석,돌방,널길,기단 Zangkunchong

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TURK PYRAMIDS.China's Secret: Hidden Uyghur-Turk Pyramids.

TURKS ARE CHILDREN OF LOST CONTINENT OF MU (ARCHITECTS OF ATLANTIS)
http://www.eastturkestan.net/

Those are over 100 pyramids, made of clay, have become nearly stone hard over the centuries. Many are damaged by erosion or farming. One pyramid is as large as the Pyramid of the Sun of Teotihuacan in Mexico (which is as large as the Great Pyramid of Giza). The big pyramid is about 1,000 feet high (other descriptions estimate 1,000 to 1,200 feet high) and roughly 1,500 feet at the base, which makes it twice as large as any pyramid in Egypt. Most are flat topped, some have small temples on top. 



Chinese officials have rebuffed all questions about these pyramids and all requests to view them since they are among top secret of China. Successive dynasties have safeguarded the secret from the outside world, the Communists included with the sites being in Forbidden zones - that is until recently when too many toursists coming from the Terracotta Army kept 'discovering' them. They have been planted with trees to disguise them as hills from the air. The Chinese authorities finally admitted to the 'existence of pyramidal structures' in the 1980s, nowadays some of them even have visitor centres attached.



At the end of the 19th and the first few decades of the 20th century, scientific and archaeological expeditions to the region along the Silk Road in East Turkestan led to the discovery of numerous Uyghur cave temples, monastery ruins, wall paintings, statues, frescoes, valuable manuscripts, documents and books. Members of the expedition from Great Britain, Sweden, Russia, Germany, France, Japan, and the United States were amazed by the treasure they found there, and soon detailed reports captured the attention on an interested public around the world. The relics of these rich Uyghur cultural remnants brought back by Sven Hedin of Sweden, Aurel Stein of Great Britain, Gruen Wedel and Albert von Lecoq from Germany, Paul Pelliot of France, Langdon Warner of the United States, and Count Ottani from Japan can be seen in the Museums of Berlin, London, Paris, Tokyo, Leningrad and even in the Museum of Central Asian Antiquities in New Delhi. The manuscripts, documents and the books discovered in Eastern Turkestan proved that the Uyghurs had a very high degree of civilization.



Source: www.youtube.com/watch?v=QS5B6oYCbpo

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Uyghur Pyramids of China

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Ancient Uyghur Civilization (4)- Cave art by ancient Uyghurs

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Ancient Uyghur Civilization (1)- Cave art by ancient Uyghurs



Ancient Uyghur Civilization (2)- Cave art by ancient Uyghurs



Ancient Uyghur Civilization (3)- Cave art by ancient Uyghurs



Ancient Uyghur Civilization (4)- Cave art by ancient Uyghurs



Ancient Uyghur Civilization (5)- Cave art by ancient Uyghurs

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What did you think, of this post ???

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Dr. Clock

I was forwarded this post by my brother.

By way of introduction, I am a graduate student in East Asian Studies at the University of Toronto, focussed primarily on Chinese art in the early modern period.

I found your post interesting in its attempt to draw attention to those cultures on the periphery of what we commonly know as China. The Great Wall of China was indeed constructed for a reason: the precursors of the modern Uighurs could have been amongst those against whom the Wall was built.

If I have this corrently, you are attempting to draw connections between the Dunghuang cave sites, tombs of Xi'an and possible Caucasian ancestry of the Uighur people?

In an attempt to claim that the origin of Chinese society truly lies in the West? Maybe I've missed the point completely.

I appreciate the stunning beauty of Dunhuang. As far as I know, it is primarily a Buddhist site. The artifacts found at Dunhuang have indeed been sufficient to explode much prior scholarship on Chinese Buddhism. I'm not sure precisely what they have to do with the Uighurs.

In a similar vein, the pyramids of Xi'an: it is no accident that the earthworks lie at the seat of Qin Shi Huang Di: the first Emperor of China. The terracotta army found at Xi'an is a testament to the historical arrogance of a highly military culture. Likewise, the 'star-maps' found in the orientation of the sites would be unsurprising in a culture that perhaps viewed stars as beings capable of interacting with thoe of us down here two stars of the Milky Way are said to be the daughters of Niu Lang and Zhi Nu who would visit their mother, a celestial 'fairy'. The Chinese possessed the technology to be able to arrange their burials in imitation of the Heavens - and the ruling classes' connection with that upper sphere was the power by which they were said to rule beneficiently.

There are numerous silent epochs in the World and Asia. There is a Dynasty (Yuan) in Chinese history that inherited the might of the Mongols: many Westerners probably don't know this. The Yuan history and traditions - including a close relationship between Imperial rule and Buddhist worship - was subsequently defied. The Uighurs' neighbours to the East considered themselves the inheritors of the Tang Dynasty and formed the Liao dynasty until their total defeat at the hands of the Mongols. Excavated Liao tombs clearly make use of both Western and Eastern (Hellenic/Roman and Chinese) astrological depictions in the same image.

The plateau of Tibet creates two of the biggest physical barriers in the world. The Silk Road has long been accepted as a shifting site of surprising cosmopolitanism.

The fact that the haplomarkers present in modern Uighurs are tremendously varied is interesting. The specific implications of the mummy finds bear further scrutiny, but suggesting clear origins for complex things like civilization is incredibly difficult, and borders on gross generalization. Asserting access to inherited knowledge has long been a tool of control.

Thanks, and

Cheers,

E

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Thank you DR, CLOCK aka E, and, welcome to Thuban - we have merely brushed the surface on this discovery i will re-read what you wrote and respond to it, accordingly - thank you

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moved to right section

 

Melting Polar Ice Caps Reveal Antarctic Pyramids


Melting Polar Ice Caps Reveal Antarctic Pyramids

There’s talk all over the internet about pyramids in Antarctica, something we at Apparently Apparel love to write about. What appears to be causing all the discussion is a picture showing what looks like two, possibly three pyramids lined up Giza style, nearly covered in snow and ice.

This is a recent photo from a scientific expedition to Antarctica and it shows what appears to be a perfect pyramid along the icy coast.

I've written an article doing a two hour research binge and came up with the conclusion that many mysteries are apparently going on near the south pole. Magnetic anomalies, Nazi bases, even Planet X telescope stations are commonly found on internet conspiracy sites, but actual Pyramids?? Have a look and read more:

http://www.apparentlyapparel.com/news/melting-polar-ice-caps-reveal-antarctic-pyramids



image Credit: Etienne Classen, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program

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into right section

 

NAN MADOL - POHNPEL, MICRONESIA 200 BC Soun Nan-leng AKA Reef of Heaven FLYING DRAGON THUNDERBIRD


Submerged megalithic ruins of Nan Madol* (Pohnpei, Micronesia 200 BC)

The exact origin of the stones of Nan Madol is undetermined.


Catalyzing

Some stones weigh as much as 50 tons. The entire city contains an estimated 250 million tons of the prismatic basalt rock."None of the proposed quarry sites exist in Madolenihmw, meaning that the stones must have been transported to their current location. Some modern Pohnpeians believe the stones were flown to the island by use of black magic.

The city consists of a series of small artificial islands linked by a network of canals. The site core with its stone walls encloses an area approximately 1.5 km long by 0.5 km wide and it contains nearly 100 artificial islets—stone and coral fill platforms—bordered by tidal canals. The name Nan Madol means "spaces between" and is a reference to the canals that crisscross the ruins. The original name was Soun Nan-leng (Reef of Heaven).

Pohnpeian tradition claims that the builders of the Lelu complex on Kosrae (likewise composed of huge stone buildings) migrated to Pohnpei, where they used their skills and experience to build the even more impressive Nan Madol complex. However, this is unlikely: radiocarbon dating indicates that Nan Madol predates Lelu. Like Lelu, one major purpose of constructing a separate city was to insulate the nobility from the common people.

According to Pohnpeian legend, Nan Madol was constructed by twin sorcerers Olisihpa and Olosohpa from the mythical Western Katau, or Kanamwayso. The brothers arrived in a large canoe seeking a place to build an altar so that they could worship Nahnisohn Sahpw, the god of agriculture. After several false starts, the two brothers successfully built an altar at off Temwen Island, where they performed their rituals. In legend, these brothers levitated the huge stones with the aid of a flying dragon. When Olisihpa died of old age, Olosohpa became the first Saudeleur. Olosohpa married a local woman and sired twelve generations, producing sixteen other Saudeleur rulers of the Dipwilap ("Great") clan. The founders of the dynasty ruled kindly, though their successors placed ever increasing demands on their subjects. Their reign ended with the invasion by Isokelekel, who also resided at Nan Madol, though his successors abandoned the site."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan_Madol
More photos: http://www.grahamhancock.com/gallery/underwater/ponape.htm
photo: http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Oceania/Micronesia/East/Pohnpei/Nan_Madol/photo790604.htm
Source: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=284157705027531&id=193431794045607

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i know, how to command and demand, that space, or any space - since, i can no longer get onto the internet with high speed, it is impossible to continue posting using dial up - good luck on your journey

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Dear Susan
I am sad to hear this. Now I won't be able to chat so freely with such a free spirit! It has been exhilarating to my soul to meet one such as you.

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i wonder if i can find out the sizes etc., on this site ?

 

PYRAMIDS of CHINA


PYRAMIDS of CHINA


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Pyramids in China
New evidences 2009

The "White Pyramid" discovered!
It is the Maoling Mausoleum!
A report by Walter Hain
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German http://www.saeti.org/Pyramiden_in_China.htm
English http://www.onelight.com/hec/targets/china/chinapyramids.htm

Oktober 25, 2006



Two pyramids under the coordinates 34.26 North and 108.52 East.



A further pyramid on 34.24 North and 108.45 East.



A field smaller pyramids near the city Xian.



Two further pyramids in that area of the province Shaanxi.



A pyramid on 34.22 North and 108.41 East.


A comparison of a former satellite image of a pyramid in Shaanxi with the photo of 1947 found in the homepage of earthquest.co.uk of November 2001.


This new 3d image of the Maoling Mausoleum shows the same characteristics as the image of 1947.



This image, of February 2009 by Google Earth, shows again the wellknown Maoling Mausoleum but in a better resolution from GeoEye. The comparison above shows that is indeed the "white pyramid".


Pyramid map. large






A comparison of the Gizeh pyramid complex with a pyramid complex in Shaanxi.

Since many years already in the popular scientific community and in publications there are many announcements and contentions of gigantic pyramids in China. The puzzle around the look-up seems final after new discoveries. With the help of Google Earth, the objects are to be seen impressively. It can not be maintained longer, there might be no pyramids in China.!They have four sides and they are even square like the pyramids in Egypt and in Mexico. Its size can quite be matched with those of the Pharaons and of the Mexican rulers.

Already in 1912 of the two travel agents Fred Meyer Schroder and Oscar Maman reported of a tremendous building that they had seen in China."It was more eerie than if we had found them in the wilderness. Here they had been under the nose of the world, but unknown to the western countries... The big pyramid is about 1,000 feet high (other descriptions estimate 1,000 to 1,200 feet high) and roughly 1,500 feet at the base, which makes it twice as large as any pyramid in Egypt. The four faces of the structure are oriented with the compass points," the two travellers reported.

During the second world war, the pilot of the American Air Force, James Gaussman, with his co-pilot, flow - through a technical defect at his machine -, for several times over a specific territory in China. What he later reported sounds completely unbelievable: "I banked to avoid a mountain and we came out over a level valley. Directly below was a gigantic white pyramid. It looked like something out of a fairy tale. It was encased in shimmering white. This could have been metal, or some sort of stone. It was pure white on all sides. The remarkable thing was the capstone, a huge piece of jewel-like material that could have been crystal. There was no way we could have landed, although we wanted to. We were struck by the immensity of the thing", the pilots reported.

On March 28, 1947 the "New York Times" reported about that discovery. In an interview with the newspaper, the former far east director of the Transworld Airlines, Maurice Sheahan, says he has seen 40 miles southwest of Xian a gigantic pyramid."I was impressed by its perfect pyramidal form and its great size," says Sheahan.

Later, on March 30, 1947 the "New York Sunday Times" take over the report and published at the first the photo, which is actually made in 1945 by Gaussman, and that was soon forgotten.

The photo of the "white pyramid" of 1947.

In 1978 the New Zealand researcher Bruce L. Cathie bothered itself of a clarification of the puzzle. According to some correspondence with the Chinese embassy and the US air force he kept up the photo of 1947. He published the picture later in the first edition of his book "The Bridge to Infinity" of 1983. According to the photograph and the reports, the New Zealand researcher estimate that the pyramid must have at their basis a length of 450 meters (1500 feet) and a height of about 300 meters (1000 feet). It is a pyramid with four flat trapezoid shaped sides, a square plateau on the top and a square base, like the pyramids in Egypt and in Mexico. Such pyramids were up to now unknown to the experts in the western world and its existence was always denied: "There are no pyramids in China! Only pagodas - temple liked, peaked buildings", so the opinion of the world experts.

I came to the "white pyramid" when I already read reports in specialized books before and then I saw the appropriate photograph in the book "The Face on Mars" of 1989 from the two Australian authors Brian Crowley and James J. Hurtak. Brian Crowley then sent a copy of the image in his book to me and then I passed it to Peter Krassa - a Austrian book author and China researcher. Later I published it in my German book "Das Marsgesicht" (The Face on Mars) of 1995.

I have left indeed Peter Krassa the photograph, but I wanted to however make and therefore prove attentive, that there are in fact pyramids in China. At the German edition "Ancient Skies", the journal of the "Ancient Astronaut Society", no. 6, 1991, I published a short report. One did not want to however publish the photograph of 1947. Gene Phillips, the founder of the mentioned society, has refused a report from me in the American journal of the Society - with the reason, the photograph could be "something doctored", somehow falsified. He considered the photograph for a forgery.

However, I was some extent amazed when I saw a German book in a bookshop in Hamburg, Germany - during a lecture trip - with the title "Die weisse Pyramide" (The white pyramid), written by Hartwig Hausdorf, he was until then completely unknown to me. The book appeared in 1994 and then I found out that Peter Krassa had made the photograph available to him - without my knowledge. However, Hartwig Hausdorf mentioned me in his book so the case is functional. Hartwig Hausdorf was very much strove anyway - and that was also my aim - for the thing and he has undertaken several China trips, around the report to go onto the basis. He found several pyramid mountains in China in fact and he has also published photographs from that. These were the first real evidence that there are pyramidal buildings in China exist. The "white pyramid" could constitute Hausdorf nonetheless not.

Bruce L. Cathie announces many details in its book "The bridge to Infinity" over pyramids in China and especially over the "white pyramid" - so too precise coordinate information. They should be had found north of the contemporary city Sian (Xi´an), by the foot of the river Wei-ho - exact at 34.26 degrees of northern width and 108.52 degrees of eastern length. This data were for me very helpful when I searched in September 2006, with "Google Earth" over China after the pyramids. This program was in the last years set up extended from Google into the Internet and one can recognize phantastic details of the Earth's surface, by means of satellite consumption - as e.g. too the mysterious lines in the plain of Nazca. The solution is not in all fields optimally, nevertheless mostly quite well.

According to some trouble I then kept up after the coordinate information of Bruce L. Cathie two pyramids. As result, I found further, more than twenty and bigger pyramids. They are square earth-pillars, constructed by Chinese craftsmen a long time ago very obviously. The professional world has therefore improper. There are indeed pyramids in China! Google Earth confirmed that again. The biggest one in this area is on 34.23 degrees North and 108.42 degrees East. The opinions diverge via the age of the pyramids. Some speak of 2500 to 3500 years. The legendary "Emperor of the prehistoric time" should at that time have been there.

The pyramids are in the province Shaanxi, north of the city Sian (Xi´an). On the satellite photographs of Google Earth, no "white pyramid" is to be recognized. Under the coordinates 34.26 degrees of North and 108.52 degrees East, two pyramids are visible, but however they are not identical to the photo from 1947. The pyramid lying a little southwest, in my opinion, comes onto 34.22 North most of all and 108.41 East, north of the small city Hsien-yang into consideration. An arrangement shows similar factors as on the photograph from 1947: A square plateau, grazes (excavations) on the sidewalls, similar ones walkways (streets) and in the background, a small settlement. But that pyramid is definitely not the "white pyramid".

In some Internet pages (Chris Maier) and in the homepage of wikipedia, the Maoling mausoleum is compared with the "white pyramid". And that is in actual fact correct. Already on former satellite images which were published in the homepage of earthquest.co.uk of November 2001, that is to be recognized. With Google Earth, this pyramid - although at present another with bad resolution - is it to be seen also. They lies west of the pyramids of Hsien-yang, close to the city Xianyang, on 30.20 degrees North and 108.34 degrees East.

The "white pyramid" needs not to be a tremendous mystic building. The pilots and the travel agents to see the Maoling mausoleum, with his size - according to the measurements via Google Earth - of about 222 to 217 meters on the ground and his height of about 46 meters, can quite have appeared below glistening sunlight glimmering and quite big. No other pyramid in this area is so big. Only the one on 34.23 North and 108.42 East, which has a size of 219 to 230 meters on the ground. The wellknown Shi Huang-ti Mausoleum, situated 50 kilometers East, has a size of 357 to 354 meters on the base and the whole complex has a size of 488 to 581 meters. But that grave mountain is actually a square mound and not a pyramid. Attainable is the area near Hsien-yang over the city Xi´an (Sian) obvious the airport that Hartwig Hausdorf with some traveling companions already used in 1994. They could for instance constitute seventeen pyramids within a radius of about three kilometers and they estimated its heights at sixty to seventy meters.

Some coordinates:

Maoling Mausoleum 1: size 222 x 217 m, 34°20'17"N 108°34'11"E
Pyramid 6: size 153 x 158 m, 34°21'47.16"N 108°37'49.80"E
Pyramid 7: size 149 x 155 m, 34°21'42.48"N 108°38'24.36"E
Pyramid 11: size 155 x 154 m, 34°22'29.64"N 108°41'51.36"E
Pyramid 15: size 219 x 230 m, 34°23'52"N 108°42'43"E
Pyramid 31: size 126 x 149 m, 34°14'09.00"N 109°07'05.00"E
Pyramids 33,34,35: bigest 160 x 167 m, 34°10'45.00"N 109°01'41.00"E
Huang-ti Mausoleum 37: size 354 x 357 m, 34°22'52"N 109°15'12"E

See pyramid map on the bottom.

By the new aperture of China to the west, the corresponding investigations too would be able to be made amenable now at last for experts from other countries. For the better sense of China and of its past.

Walter Hain
October 25, 2006

Sources:
Krassa, Peter: "...und kamen auf feurigen Drachen", Vienna, Austria 1984.
Hain, Walter: Das Marsgesicht, Munich, Germany 1995.
Hausdorf, Hartwig: Die weisse Pyramide, Munich, Germany 1994.
-"- : The Chinese Roswell, Florida, USA 1998.
Crowley, Brian; Hurtak, James J.: The Face on Mars, Australia 1989.
Cathie, Bruce L.: The Bridge to Infinity, Boulder, USA 1989 (first edition USA 1983).

In Internet:
German report by Hartwig Hausdorf on sagenhaftezeiten.com
http://www.sangraal.com/china/index.htm
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramiden_von_China
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_pyramids
http://www.earthquest.co.uk/articales/articale4.html

See the report by Chris Maier of 2003:
http://www.unexplainedearth.com/xian.php

 

Melting Polar Ice Caps Reveal Antarctic Pyramids





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Melting Polar Ice Caps Reveal Antarctic Pyramids
http://j.mp/OKiTla

There’s talk all over the internet about pyramids in Antarctica, something we at Apparently Apparel love to write about. What appears to be causing all the discussion is this picture, showing what looks like two, possibly three pyramids lined up Giza style, nearly covered in snow and ice.

Frankly, I think we’re looking at plain ordinary mountains here, albeit ones of unusual apparent symmetry. But suppose we ARE looking at pyramids (and I think the size of these mountains would preclude that, but that’s just me), or, to put it differently, supposed there WERE pyramids in Antarctica?

What would it mean?

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www.youtube.com/watch?v=GKbN6zcSm58&feature=related
Civilization Found melting out of ice in Antarctica!?

 

TEMPLE of THE GODDESSES, and, The Altars HONGSHAN - KOREA -over 5500 years old

"This is the oldest known temple in Northeastern Asia (3500BC) of the Goddess which includes the Goddess statue inside.

Dozens of fragments of sculpted Goddess statue parts were unearthed, including either life-size body parts or two or three times larger than life-sized body parts showing that not only was one Goddess statue enshrined in the temple, but 7-8 Goddess statues. 5500 years ago, in each room of the half-basement tomb of the Goddesses, different sized Goddesses were lying side by side.

Next to the Three-Story Stone Tomb were discovered 27 Stone Coffins. These kinds of Stone Tombs with Stone Coffins inside are distinctive Neolithic and [Jade Age and] Bronze Age tomb structures throughout Northern Asia, the Korean Peninsula, the Yongdong (Liaodong) Peninsula. and Siberia.

These kinds of graves are found even in Japan. On the Korean Peninsula these kinds of Stone Graves and Coffins are round throughout Jeju Island and Hamkyun-do, in the North.

"This Niuheliang site was built 2,000 Years earlier than the Siberian sites.

"The Graves were built in Tetragon-shaped structures, and the Altars were built in round structures. Around the Altar Ruins were collected huge amounts of pottery fragments. The 3-Story Stone Altar is surrounded by pottery vessels with their mouths and bottoms wide open. This was the "Heavenly Ritual" to communicate between Heaven and Earth.

"The 5500 Year Old Hongshan that created the Stone Tombs, and the Temples of the Goddesses, and the Altars is a thousand years older than the later Yellow River civilization.



Whom are the Goddesses portrayed?

She whom predates Xi Wangmu (Hsi Wang Mu), Queen Mother of the West, by Millennia?

Serpent/Dragon Nuwa, Naga, Mago? Bear Woman? Turtle, Deer, Crow, Phoenix

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Korean History, Korean Civilization, China's History Distortion, 한민족문명 (1/8) (English)
Cheon1Son
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH0cknw1Gi3bXQty8aMpNwN6JMZsdnrf1

part 1



part 2



part 3



part 4



part 5



part 6



part 7



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The Development of Complexity in Prehistoric Northern China


Sarah M. Nelson
University of Denver
http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp063_prehistoric_china.html

Far to the north of the Central Plain of China (the Zhongyuan), in Liaoning province and Inner Mongolia, nearly two millennia before the florescence of the Shang dynasty, a complex society known as the Hongshan culture arose, with a mixed economy of herding and agriculture. Some two dozen major sites are known, along with many smaller ones, spread over about 100,000 square kilometers (Fig. 1). Hongshan presents a puzzle for Chinese archaeologists because of its amalgam of non-Chinese traits (for example nude female figurines and the "Goddess Temple" featuring over-life-sized statues of women) with some early manifestations of such quintessentially Chinese characteristics as round and square outdoor platforms for altars, the use of jade for emblems of power, and possibly dragon iconography (Guo, in press).


Fig. 1. Major sites of the Hongshan culture. 1. Niuheliang, 2. Dongshanzui, 3. Hutougou, 4. Ongiliud Banner, 5. Balin Right Banner. Map from Sun and Guo 1986.

For western archaeologists the puzzle is of a different kind - how to understand the creation of complexity in this unlikely time and place. The Hongshan fails to conform neatly to any present theory of the origin of complex society. A model of steady in situ evolution involving prior tribes and chiefdoms in the same location is not appropriate, for sites claimed as Hongshan antecedents are found some distance away, in the Chinese Dongbei to be sure, but several hundred kilometers to the east, and mostly either in the Manchurian plain or the Liaodong peninsula. A world system (Frank 1993) is unlikely, for the distances are too great for the transport available. Neither an interaction sphere (Caldwell 1964) nor peer polity interaction (Renfrew 1982) exactly describes the situation, because although there were other contemporaneous complex societies arising in China, and farther away in Central Asia states were also developing, evidence of interaction between Hongshan and these distant societies is sporadic and/or ephemeral. Inspired by Ruth Tringham's (1991) attempts to turn "faceless blobs" into people, and George Cowgill's (1993) distinguished lecture in which he suggested that we underconceptualize the past, I would like to offer two perspectives - a macro perspective which includes the wider region from Central Asia to the Korean peninsula, and a micro view that focuses on Hongshan itself. First, however, it is necessary to provide a thumbnail sketch of the Hongshan culture as it is now known.

The Hongshan Culture

The group of sites which comprise the Hongshan culture includes three kinds of sites: various ceremonial precincts; large, complex and rich burials; and villages. The first of the villages was discovered in 1908 (Torii 1938), and more were found in the 1920s (Andersson 1924) and 1930s (Hamada and Mizuno 1938), when most interest in these sites was focused on the black-on-red painted pottery. The pottery was considered important as evidence of diffusion from the Yangshao culture in the Hwang He valley, thus demonstrating the strength of the nuclear area in China by the reach of its influence. However, the discovery of the Hongshan ceremonial areas, which include nude female figurines and over-lifesize clay female statues, startlingly unChinese traits, made any simple notion of diffusion from the Zhongyuan impossible. The Hongshan culture now needed to be considered on its own merits, as a separate center of the creation of complex society. It is not seen, however, as unrelated to central China. Liaoning archaeologists argue that the iconography of Hongshan jades and round and square platform altars was handed down into the Shang dynasty.

An additional complicating factor in situating the Hongshan in a spatio-temporal framework is that several features of Hongshan demonstrate continuity with earlier sites in Liaoning province. For example, the majority of the pottery vessels is not painted, but follows the rocker-stamped beaker tradition which had flourished in Liaoning continuously at least since 6000 B.C. (Fig. 2). This pottery tradition covered a wide territory, from the Peiligang and Cishan cultures in Hebei province to the south of Hongshan and north to Jilin province, as well as being arguably related to the Chulmun culture on the western side of the Korean peninsula (Nelson 1990). Whether the inhabitants of these sites continued to be in touch with each other through the millennia is unknown, but it seems unlikely that they were entirely cut off from mutual contact. Exogamous village marriages and the search for non-local raw materials would have necessitated the continuous operation of loose networks.


Fig. 2. Painted cylinder (right), rockerstamped open-mouth pots (left upper), and plain bowls (left lower) from the Hongshan culture. From Wenwu.

Furthermore, jade carving is found in all the Liaoning neolithic sites. At first the jade products were exclusively in the form of ornaments, but by the time of the Houwa site (around 5000 B.C.) carved stone objects are obviously emblematic, because they follow specific patterns and are pierced for hanging on a cord or attachment to clothing. There is arguably a continuity between the annular slit earrings of Chahai in 6000 BC through crude slit-ring jades at Zuojiashan in Jilin province in perhaps 4500 BC, to the annular pig dragon emblems of Hongshan (Fig. 3), thus suggesting continuity through time as well as over distance (Sun and Guo 1984). Increasing cultural complexity accompanied the refinement of jades, for example in differential dwelling sizes and increasing intensification of food production as demonstrated at the site of Xinle.


Fig. 3. Polished pendant from Zuojiashan, left, Hongshan pig-dragon, right.

These data, inadequate though they are to produce a full prehistory of the region, are sufficient to establish that it would be incorrect to think of this region at any time as consisting of isolated sites or even isolated "cultures," or groups of sites. While the precise mechanism that tied them together is unknown, and for the moment perhaps is beyond reach, it seems that some mechanism must have existed. Hongshan arose on the edge of a region that had been developing and growing for millennia, and probably contained dense networks of paths through the forests and across the rivers of Manchuria, connecting the known sites and others yet to be discovered.

Hongshan villages, in fact, are not strikingly different from earlier village sites in this region, which is the reason they were seen as unremarkable for so long. In the only area that has been systematically surveyed, village sites occur about every ten kilometers on either side of the Yingjin river. The sites contain evidence of the cultivation of millets and of pigs as important domesticates, as had been established in this region for some time. However, two innovations are important to note. A new tool in Hongshan sites provides an indication of agricultural intensification at this time - the si, or stone plow (Fig. 4). It is interesting to note that this type of tool was identified as a plow based on use marks, as early as 1927 (Nelson 1927: 192). Cattle bones may be an indication of traction animals. Furthermore, sheep bones appear, suggesting a mixed economy of herding and agriculture. It does not seem likely that sheep were locally domesticated, as wild sheep are not known in this area. However, Hongshan sites are on the edge of the Mongolian grasslands (Liaoning et al 1977). Given the presence of sheep, it seems likely that the Hongshan inhabitants were in touch with Mongolian or Central Asian sheep herders.


Fig. 4. Stone plow, Hongshan culture.

Few Hongshan houses have been excavated, but those which are known are square to rectangular, with sides ranging from four to 12 meters. Even the largest buildings have only one central hearth, but several different sets of tools and containers suggest multi-family dwellings to the excavators. Villages are located on hill slopes above rivers, usually in sites of only one to two meters in depth (Guo, in press).

Although the villages were unremarkable, the ceremonial precincts must have been impressive, as well as the large graves often found on hilltops. One large site is Niuheliang, which includes a pair of buildings known as the "Goddess Temple," beside an enormous platform edged with stones. In another location, a series of five huge stone structures are ranged in a row, in addition to several other areas with tombs (Fang and Liu 1984). A recently discovered earth pyramid, nine meters high and 40 meters in diameter, contains a layer of crucibles near the top.

The Goddess Temple is 25 m long and varies from two to nine meters in width. It is strangely shaped, with three lobes at one end and an asymmetrical extension at the other (Fig. 5). The few centimeters of footing that remain contain raised and painted designs in geometric patterns. Fragments of statues made of unbaked clay were found in the temple, including a life-sized female face with green jade eyes (Fig. 6), a fragment with shoulder and breast, a human ear three times life size, and a pig jaw (Sun and Guo 1986). The statues are thought to be female because of the breast fragments, but no whole statue has been found or reconstructed. Sherds of painted pottery cylinders were also found, and a fragment of an incense burner. An oval building is placed at one end of the "temple," and the large platform at the other end (Liaoning 1986).


Fig. 5. The goddess temple (22 x 8 m.) at Niuheliang. From Sun and Guo 1986.


Fig. 6. The life-sized face of unbaked clay found in the goddess temple. The eyes are jade.

Dongshanzui is the site of another ceremonial center which featured both round and square platforms, with walls extending from them. Small nude female figurines were found at this site (Fig. 7), and fragments of medium sized sitting figures, but no large statues. Although a few everyday objects were found, they may relate to an earlier level of the site (Guo and Zhang 1984). As at Niuheliang, no permanent population is in evidence in the area excavated so far.


Fig. 7. Nude female figurines from Dongshanzui.

The burials demonstrate elites of at least two ranks. The highest ranking person in each burial occupied an elaborate stone slab coffin in the center, enclosed by a stone platform. Smaller burials range around the central burial, still under one mound. Between the central burial and the others are rows of painted cylinders. The subsidiary graves include both bundle burials and extended skeletons, containing up to six jade pieces (Fang and Wei 1986a, 1986b).

Although the village sites rarely contain jades, occasionally hilltop burials with jade emblems are found near the villages. The jades were made in specific patterns, such as flat turtles and birds with spread wings, the hoof- or cuff-shaped jades which may be hair-do holders, and three-dimensional "pig-dragons" - pig heads on smooth annular open rings (Sun 1984). These are thought to be emblems of rank.

No evidence of writing is found in the Hongshan culture, nor of warfare. However, both the jade manufacture and the making and firing of perhaps 10,000 cylindrical painted vessels (Guo, in press) suggest quite impressive craft organization. Intensive agriculture by a rather dispersed population is unusual, and could indicate the growing of grains for long distance trade, although there is no further evidence to support this inference. The jade itself is not local, and must have been acquired from afar, perhaps as a result of that trade. Other indications of contact with other peoples include the painted pottery, the presence of sheep and cattle, and perhaps the cairn tombs, which are the first mounded stone tombs in this region. Recently evidence of bronze use has begun to surface, in the form of molds and small copper fragments, including a copper wire earring. A layer of crucible fragments near the top of the earth pyramid suggests ritualized metal production.

Macro-theories

The presence of female figurines, copper, non-local jade, and painted pottery makes it appropriate to consider possible connections with Central Asia. Intensification of both craft production and agriculture suggest the possibility of trade. But the location of trade partners and the mechanism of trade are still a "black box".

A provocative paper by Frank (1993) proposes a "world system" as early as the Bronze Age. Cycles are identified which affected Asia, Africa and Europe as well as Central Asia, which appears to be the hub of the system. The beginning of these cycles is about 1700 BC, too late for the Hongshan culture. The possibility of a core and a periphery on a large enough scale to reach across Central Asia appears to be out of the question as early as 3500 B.C. On the other hand, long distance connections did exist, and perhaps the possibility of contacts should be entertained. Even down-the-line trade would have some consequences, but we do not know about the density of settlements, if there were any at all, in the vast grasslands. Thus the connections between Hongshan and Central Asia may have been direct. As much as Sinologists would like to see China as completely sui generis, and as much as processual archaeology has stressed that only in situ development is appropriate to study the processes of change, it seems undeniable that connections between north China and Central Asia had been established, and that they could have been more than tentative and ephemeral. The Namazga culture (Kohl 1981) is one possibility (Peng 1993). While it is inappropriate to propose a "world" system, since neither side could be easily designated as core or periphery, nor is there any evidence of dependency on either side, still, the manufacture of elite emblems out of non-local material must have made the Hongshan elite to some extent dependent on their jade sources, especially since the jades were buried with the dead and therefore regularly required replacement. Thus the level of interaction had been ratcheted up a notch since the preceding Xinle culture, which found its raw materials nearer to home.

The notions of peer polity interaction (Renfrew 1982) or cluster interaction (Price 1977) are tempting to apply, but they seem to require polities more closely packed into the landscape than those of China in the fourth to third millennium BC. An interaction sphere, in the sense that Caldwell (1964) meant for the Hopewell culture, does not require state-level polities, so perhaps this more amorphous designation is the most appropriate, as Chang (1986:243) has also suggested. But even an interaction sphere suggests regular and planned contact. Perhaps some new term is needed for tenuous relationships stretching across enormous distances. It is possible to hypothesize that exploratory parties from both sides met, the one looking for copper and the other jade, but only gradually established regular connections. The process of finding each other must have been stochastic, and the resulting ties easily broken. Fragile as a spider's web, they nevertheless existed, and need to be accounted for in our theories. They could be thought of as stochastic trade.

Micro-theories

When the region of the Hongshan sites becomes the focus, rather than the ceremonial centers, a different landscape emerges. The bulk of the population lived in small villages, produced more grain than was needed for the size of the population, and also herded both pigs and sheep to supply meat, leather or wool, bone for tool production, lard, and fertilizer for the fields. In the villages, ordinary pottery was produced along with stone and bone tools for everyday needs. Even in the villages, pottery manufacture may have required specialists, since multi-chambered kilns have been found which would have required specialized knowledge (Liaoning et al 1977).

In unknown locations, possibly in the ceremonial centers, specialized crafting took place. Jade working was carried out on a large scale, and huge numbers of painted bottomless vessels had to be produced for funeral use. While the evidence of copper and bronze may belong to the end of the Hongshan, this is an issue that is far from settled. Thus, at least three skilled industries of jade carving, fine pottery production, and copper or bronze smelting were important to maintain the system. At each end of the Goddess Temple there is a construction - an oval building on one end and a large platform on the other - which might have been the locations of some of these activities. Certainly the production of such a massive amount of painted cylinders -- an estimated 10,000 -- would have required a large workforce to obtain the clay, process the clay, shape the vessels, procure the materials for paints and manufacture them, and fire the vessels. Given the difficulties of transporting these large and fragile vessels, it seems very likely that they would have been produced near the graves into which they were placed. Some sherds found on the platform strengthen this inference, but the area has yet to be excavated.

The location of production next to the temple could have sanctified these activities as being in the service of the goddess, rather than as required by the elites. If more evidence of craft production, in the form of jade chips or pottery waste or metal slag, should be found in these locations, it would suggest that these industries were not only under the control of the elite, but also sacralized by taking place within the sacred precincts of the goddess. It is interesting to note that recent excavations have uncovered clay crucibles in a compact layer near the top of an earth pyramid, again suggesting the sacralizing of craft production.

Conclusion

The development of the Hongshan elite was based on both long distance connections and local production. Because Hongshan occupied an ecotone between the grasslands of Mongolia and the forests of Manchuria, the productive resources of both could be combined. The addition of sheep and cattle to the previous millet and pig economy allowed the Hongshan elite to expand, combining agriculture, herding, and long distance trade. The acquisition of high quality jade from distant places allowed the elite to supervise the creation of emblems of high status which were unavailable to the villagers and craftsmen. The mechanism by which the ordinary people were induced to participate in the elite system, producing crafts for the use of the elite and intensively farming the land with the effective but laborious stone plow, may have been an ideological system that mystified their labor into the service of the goddess. The elite, too, may have been perceived to be performing services for the goddess, rather than as exploiting part of the population for their own goals. By sacralizing the jade, pottery, and metal, the elites created a landscape of power that was centered on the Hongshan homelands, but also reached well beyond it into the sources of jade.

* This paper is a revision of a paper presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association in 1993.

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