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Our First Glimpse of the Web that Connects All Galaxies




Astronomers say all of the galaxies in the universe are connected by a vast cosmic web of filaments, but we've never actually seen this supposed network. That's changed, however, thanks to the tumultuous activity of a distant quasar that's illuminating the celestial backdrop.

We already know about these filaments, at least conceptually, because computer simulations tell us they're there. As the universe cooled after the Big Bang, most of its matter (including and especially dark matter) congealed into a network of filaments that spanned the cosmos. Certain points of this web contained more mass than others, eventually resulting in the formation of stars, galaxies, and galactic clusters. So even though the Big Bang happened long ago and its galaxies are now far apart, virtually everything's still connected within this web of vestigial matter.



Celestial filaments link together galaxy clusters into cosmic web

Large groups of galaxies come together to form clusters, and those clusters are linked together by vast streams of hot gas known as filaments. … Read…



Watch the most accurate supercomputer simulation yet of the universe

Using some of the most powerful supercomputers on the planet, the fine folks at Argonne National Lab have constructed a virtual model of the universe. … Read…

But these filaments, which exist as rarefied and highly ionized gas, are invisible and have never been seen by astronomers. We've been able to visualize intergalactic gas by detecting its absorption of light from bright background sources, but that hasn't really shown us how this gas is distributed.

Like a Flashlight




This quasar should not exist -- and yet it does

Astronomers from York University in Canada have identified an undocumented type of quasar where gas appears to be getting sucked into a black hole. .… Read…

Using the Keck Telescope in Hawaii, astronomers recently detected a very large and bright nebula of gas stretching about two million light-years across intergalactic space. The nebula was lit-up like a Christmas tree thanks to a nearby quasar — a type of active galactic nucleus that shoots intense radiation powered by a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy.


"This is a very exceptional object: it's huge, at least twice as large as any nebula detected before, and it extends well beyond the galactic environment of the quasar," noted researcher Sebastiano Cantalupo in a statement.

The astronomers then took full of advantage of this discovery. They used it to detect the fluorescent glow of hydrogen gas caused by the intense radiation from the quasar.

"This quasar is illuminating diffuse gas on scales well beyond any we've seen before, giving us the first picture of extended gas between galaxies," said astronomer J. Xavier Prochaska. "It provides a terrific insight into the overall structure of our universe."



It's the first time anyone has captured an image of the cosmic web, clearly showing its filamentary structure.

A New Portrait of Space

The quasar, UM 287, is about 10 billion light-years away. The filament it's illuminating is two million light-years across, meaning that it must extend from the quasar's host galaxy into intergalactic space.

But while the discovery confirms current conceptions of how the universe formed and evolved, it also shows some gaps in our knowledge. The filament is far more massive than simulations predicted — containing gas that weighs the equivalent of a thousand billion suns.

"We think there may be more gas contained in small dense clumps within the cosmic web than is seen in our models," said Cantalupo. "These observations are challenging our understanding of intergalactic gas and giving us a new laboratory to test and refine our models."

Read the entire study at Nature: "A cosmic web filament revealed in Lyman-α emission around a luminous high-redshift quasar."

Images: Cantalupo et al.



Celestial filaments link together galaxy clusters into cosmic web




Large groups of galaxies come together to form clusters, and those clusters are linked together by vast streams of hot gas known as filaments. These intergalactic links reach temperatures well over a million degrees and are almost completely invisible...until now.

Filaments represent the universe at its most unimaginably vast and cosmic scale. Filaments link together clusters of galaxies into superclusters, and in turn even larger filaments link together these superclusters into a continuous web that represents the only relief from the endless void of empty space. The average filament can be well over 100 million light-years long.

At that sort of size, you'd really think filaments would be hard to miss, but they're surprisingly tricky even to observe. Superclusters themselves are evidence of where matter clumped together in the expansion right after the Big Bang, and filaments are collections of all the leftover gas that didn't make it into the superclusters.

While the superclusters cooled down considerably in temperature, the gas in the filaments remain spectacularly hot, reaching temperatures of a million degrees Celsius. They mostly emit X-rays, meaning that's the best light in which to see them. But superclusters give off a lot more X-ray light, almost completely overwhelming our ability to observe the filaments.


Astronomers recently caught a break with the discovery of a galaxy inside the filament linking together the galaxy clusters Abell 1763 and Abell 1770. The galaxy in question has a weird boomerang shape and emits very unusual ratio of radio to infrared light. Both of these are the result of the galaxy's passage through the hot gas of the filament, which is reshaping and reworking the galaxy's chemistry as it move s through.

Chief researcher Louise Edwards of the California Institute of Technology explains the importance of the filaments:

"These filaments are integral to the evolution of galaxy clusters — among the biggest gravitationally bound objects in the universe — as well as the creation of new generations of stars."

These new observations have allowed astronomers to both confirm early theories about filaments and learn entirely new information. Most amazingly, they were able to figure out the density of the region inside the filament by measuring the pressure the filament's particles exerted on the galaxy. They determined the filament has a density that is 100 times greater than the universal average, which is even more incredible when you consider the immense size of the filament. That's a whole lot of hot matter crammed into the spaces between galaxies.

[The Astrophysical Journal]
http://io9.com/5700993/celestial-filaments-link-together-galaxy-clusters-into-cosmic-web?



http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2006/08/14/science/20060815_SCILL_GRAPHIC.html


This quasar should not exist -- and yet it does






Astronomers from York University in Canada have identified an undocumented type of quasar where gas appears to be getting sucked into a black hole. This may not sound surprising, but current theories say that isn't supposed to happen.

Quasars are hyperactive and extremely bright discs of hot gas that surround supermassive black holes. They're also known as galactic nucleuses. The Milky Way has one at its center. All the junk that's rapidly spinning down the drain hole forms a compact disc with a radius that's larger than Earth's orbit around the Sun and a temperature that's hotter than the surface of a star. They are so unbelievably bright that they can actually be seen across the observable universe, making them one of the most luminous objects known to science.

Observations show that this gas gets blown away from the black hole by the intense heat and light of the quasar — and it does so at incredible velocities, sometimes reaching upwards of 20% the speed of light. This creates cosmic winds that can affect the galaxy surrounding the quasar.

Now, gas in the disc will eventually fall into the black hole to power the quasar. But scientists have never actually seen it flowing into the black hole through the disc. It would be like watching an object take a direct route into a drain hole instead of spinning around and around until it reaches bottom.

But this is exactly what the astronomers observed.

Rather than being blown out at extreme velocities — an effect that's seen 99.99% of the time — the new data suggests that in some quasars the gas flows directly into the black hole. (Hall et al/York University)




After looking at data produced by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, a research team led by York University Associate Professor Patrick Hall noticed some strange behavior in 17 quasars of distant galaxies: gas that's falling into black holes at high velocity. Their observations show that it only happens in about 1 in every 10,000 quasars, so it represents a completely new type of quasar black hole.

The discovery was made by looking at the Doppler shift for light, which told the researchers which direction the gas was traveling in and at what speed.

So why is this happening? The researchers have two explanations.

First, the rather obvious one: Isn't that what's supposed to happen to gas near black holes!? Even light cannot escape black holes, so why should gas be immune to strange and unpredictable behaviors? And indeed, Hall admits that it's actually weird to not see this kind of behavior in most, if not all, quasars. Astronomers simply don't understand why it's so rare to see infalling gas.

The second theory is that the gas is not actually falling into the black hole. It's just orbiting around it just above the disc of hot gas, and gradually being pushed away from the black hole. This would explain why the Doppler readings show the gas both moving away and towards us.

Regardless, Hall's team is rewriting the book on quasars. You can read the entire study at the Royal Astronomical Society: "Broad absorption line quasars with redshifted troughs: high-velocity infall or rotationally dominated outflows?"

Top image: ESO/M. Kornmesser.





































THIS GIVES ME AN IDEA !!!

 

THE MUSEUM OF HOAXES - THE TOP 100 April Fool's Hoaxes of all time
Top 100 April Fool's Day Hoaxes of All Time
As judged by notoriety, creativity, and number of people duped.

The first version of this list was created in the late 1990s. Over the years it's been slightly tweaked, with some rearrangement and additions based on reader feedback and ongoing research, but the top choices have remained pretty much the same. We hope you enjoy it, and if you're curious to know more about April Fool's Day, check out the museum's April Fool Archive, which is a collection of April Fool's Day stories and pictures that spans the entire history of the celebration.
#1: The Swiss Spaghetti Harvest
On 1 April 1957, the respected BBC news show Panorama announced that thanks to a very mild winter and the virtual elimination of the dreaded spaghetti weevil, Swiss farmers were enjoying a bumper spaghetti crop. It accompanied this announcement with footage of Swiss peasants pulling strands of spaghetti down from trees. Huge numbers of viewers were taken in. Many called the BBC wanting to know how they could grow their own spaghetti tree. To this the BBC diplomatically replied, "place a sprig of spaghetti in a tin of tomato sauce and hope for the best." More→

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#2: Sidd Finch
The April 1985 issue of Sports Illustrated contained a story about a new rookie pitcher who planned to play for the Mets. His name was Sidd Finch, and he could reportedly throw a baseball at 168 mph with pinpoint accuracy. This was 65 mph faster than the previous record. Surprisingly, Sidd Finch had never even played the game before. Instead, he had mastered the "art of the pitch" in a Tibetan monastery under the guidance of the "great poet-saint Lama Milaraspa." Mets fans celebrated their teams' amazing luck at having found such a gifted player, and they flooded Sports Illustrated with requests for more information. In reality this legendary player only existed in the imagination of the author of the article, George Plimpton, who left a clue in the sub-heading of the article: "He's a pitcher, part yogi and part recluse. Impressively liberated from our opulent life-style, Sidd's deciding about yoga —and his future in baseball." The first letter of each of these words, taken together, spelled "H-a-p-p-y A-p-r-i-l F-o-o-l-s D-a-y — A-h F-i-b". More→

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#3: Instant Color TV
In 1962 there was only one tv channel in Sweden, and it broadcast in black and white. But on 1 April 1962, the station's technical expert, Kjell Stensson, appeared on the news to announce that, thanks to a new technology, viewers could convert their existing sets to display color reception. All they had to do was pull a nylon stocking over their tv screen. Stensson proceeded to demonstrate the process. Thousands of people were taken in. Regular color broadcasts only commenced in Sweden on April 1, 1970. More→

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#4: The Taco Liberty Bell
The Taco Bell Corporation took out a full-page ad that appeared in six major newspapers on 1 April 1996, announcing it had bought the Liberty Bell and was renaming it the Taco Liberty Bell. Hundreds of outraged citizens called the National Historic Park in Philadelphia where the bell was housed to express their anger. Their nerves were only calmed when Taco Bell revealed, a few hours later, that it was all a practical joke. The best line of the day came when White House press secretary Mike McCurry was asked about the sale. Thinking on his feet, he responded that the Lincoln Memorial had also been sold. It would now be known, he said, as the Ford Lincoln Mercury Memorial. More→

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#5: San Serriffe
On 1 April 1977, the British newspaper The Guardian published a special seven-page supplement devoted to San Serriffe, a small republic said to consist of several semi-colon-shaped islands located in the Indian Ocean. A series of articles affectionately described the geography and culture of this obscure nation. Its two main islands were named Upper Caisse and Lower Caisse. Its capital was Bodoni, and its leader was General Pica. The Guardian's phones rang all day as readers sought more information about the idyllic holiday spot. Only a few noticed that everything about the island was named after printer's terminology. The success of this hoax is widely credited with launching the enthusiasm for April Foolery that gripped the British tabloids in subsequent decades.More→

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#6: Nixon for President
The 1 April 1992 broadcast of National Public Radio's Talk of the Nation revealed that Richard Nixon, in a surprise move, was running for President again. His new campaign slogan was, "I didn't do anything wrong, and I won't do it again." Accompanying this announcement were audio clips of Nixon delivering his candidacy speech. Listeners responded viscerally to the announcement, flooding the show with calls expressing shock and outrage. Only during the second half of the show did the host John Hockenberry reveal that the announcement was a practical joke. Nixon's voice was impersonated by comedian Rich Little.

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#7: Alabama Changes the Value of Pi
The April 1998 issue of the New Mexicans for Science and Reason newsletter contained an article claiming that the Alabama state legislature had voted to change the value of the mathematical constant pi from 3.14159 to the 'Biblical value' of 3.0. Soon the article made its way onto the internet, and then it rapidly spread around the world, forwarded by email. It only became apparent how far the article had spread when the Alabama legislature began receiving hundreds of calls from people protesting the legislation. The original article, which was intended as a parody of legislative attempts to circumscribe the teaching of evolution, was written by physicist Mark Boslough.

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#8: The Left-Handed Whopper
Burger King published a full page advertisement in the April 1st edition of USA Today announcing the introduction of a new item to their menu: a "Left-Handed Whopper" specially designed for the 32 million left-handed Americans. According to the advertisement, the new whopper included the same ingredients as the original Whopper (lettuce, tomato, hamburger patty, etc.), but all the condiments were rotated 180 degrees for the benefit of their left-handed customers. The following day Burger King issued a follow-up release revealing that although the Left-Handed Whopper was a hoax, thousands of customers had gone into restaurants to request the new sandwich. Simultaneously, according to the press release, "many others requested their own 'right handed' version."

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#9: Hotheaded Naked Ice Borers
The April 1995 issue of Discover Magazine reported that the highly respected wildlife biologist Dr. Aprile Pazzo had found a new species in Antarctica: the hotheaded naked ice borer. These fascinating creatures had bony plates on their heads that, fed by numerous blood vessels, could become burning hot, allowing the animals to bore through ice at high speeds. They used this ability to hunt penguins, melting the ice beneath the penguins and causing them to sink downwards into the resulting slush where the hotheads consumed them. After much research, Dr. Pazzo theorized that the hotheads might have been responsible for the mysterious disappearance of noted Antarctic explorer Philippe Poisson in 1837. "To the ice borers, he would have looked like a penguin," the article quoted her as saying. Discover received more mail in response to this article than they had received for any other article in their history.

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#10: Planetary Alignment Decreases Gravity
During an interview on BBC Radio 2, on the morning of 1 April 1976, the British astronomer Patrick Moore announced that at 9:47 AM a once-in-a-lifetime astronomical event was going to occur that listeners could experience in their very own homes. The planet Pluto would pass behind Jupiter, temporarily causing a gravitational alignment that would counteract and lessen the Earth's own gravity. Moore told his listeners that if they jumped in the air at the exact moment this planetary alignment occurred, they would experience a strange floating sensation. When 9:47 AM arrived, BBC2 began to receive hundreds of phone calls from listeners claiming to have felt the sensation. One woman even reported that she and her eleven friends had risen from their chairs and floated around the room. Moore's announcement (which, of course, was a joke) was inspired by a pseudoscientific astronomical theory that had recently been promoted in a book called The Jupiter Effect, alleging that a rare alignment of the planets was going to cause massive earthquakes and the destruction of Los Angeles in 1982. More→

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SEE THEM HERE:
http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/aprilfool/index

 

The Solar System may be destroyed by Sow Chaos Cloud of Acid - is a big HOAX !!! (2014)

Space object, which extends to 10 million miles, was discovered by NASA's Chandra Observatory, in April this year and, according to scientists, classified as "acid fog."



https://fbcdn-sphotos-a-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn1/t1/1604467_10202602145872101_1226825137_n.jpg

As expected, a mysterious cloud reaches Earth in 2014. Albert Sherwinski, astrophysicist working at Cambridge University and NASA, stated that in June 2014, the solar system may be destroyed by a cloud Acid. According to astrophysicists, Earth is next cloud of unknown origin, which erases everything in its path.

She came from a black hole - a distance 28 000 light-years from Earth. Astronomers are watching for a celestial body, they say they found a strange lot, which was dubbed "sow chaos cloud" - it destroys everything in its path: comets, asteroids, planets and stars. Now he goes to Earth.

There is a blackhole opening in the middle of the milky way like what we call the avengers and Iron man versus blackhole cinema movie and something bigger than earth is heading towards earth on june 2014, World WITSA and WCIT2008 govts please be alert and monitor radars, hubble eye and take whatever you have got and ISS and come out with 84 countries solutions... natural disasters may happen in June 2014 predicted.

Stop all silly religious war when you cannot see God, concentrate on maths and science now to counter this obstacle.


PLANET-DISSOLVING DUST CLOUD IS HEADED TOWARD EARTH!
Monday September 12, 2005

By MIKE FOSTER

CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- Scared-stiff astronomers have detected a mysterious mass they've dubbed a "chaos cloud" that dissolves everything in its path,
including comets, asteroids, planets and entire stars -- and it's headed directly toward Earth!

Discovered April 6 by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, the swirling, 10 million-mile- wide cosmic dust cloud
has been likened to an "acid nebula" and is hurtling toward us at close to the speed of ligh
-- making its estimated time of arrival 9:15 a.m. EDT on June 1, 2014.

"The good news is that this finding confirms several cutting- edge ideas in theoretical physics," announced Dr. Albert Sherwinski,
a Cambridge based astrophysicist with close ties to NASA.

"The bad news is that the total annihilation of our solar system is imminent."

Experts believe the chaos cloud is composed of particles spawned near the event horizon of a black hole
(a form of what's called Hawking Radiation) that have been distorted by mangled information spewed from the hole.

"A super-massive black hole lies about 28,000 light-years from Earth at the center of our galaxy," explained Dr. Sherwinski.

"Last year the eminent physicist Stephen Hawking revised his theory of black holes
-- which previously held that nothing could escape the hole's powerful gravitational field.

He demonstrated that information about objects that have been sucked in can be emitted in mangled form.

"It now appears that mangled information can distort matter.

"Just imagine our galaxy the Milky Way as a beautiful, handwritten letter.

"Now imagine pouring a glass of water on the paper and watching the words dissolve as the stain spreads.
That's what the chaos cloud does to every star or planet it encounters."

To avoid widespread panic, NASA has declined to make the alarming discovery public.

But Dr. Sherwinski's contacts at the agency's Chandra X-ray Observatory leaked to him striking images
of the newly discovered chaos cloud obliterating a large asteroid.

"It's like watching a helpless hog being dissolved in a vat of acid," one NASA scientist told Dr. Sherwinski.

Ordinarily, Hawkings Radiation is harmless.

"It's produced when an electron- positron pair are at the event horizon of a black hole," Dr. Sherwinski explained.
"The intense curvature of space-time of the hole can cause the positron to fall in, while the electron escapes."

But when "infected" by mangled information from the black hole, the particles become a chaos cloud, which in turn mangles everything it touches.

"If it continues unchecked, the chaos cloud will eventually reduce our galaxy to the state
of absolute chaos that existed before the birth of the universe," the astrophysicist warned.

Some scientists say mankind's best hope would be to build a "space ark" and hightail it to the Andromeda Galaxy, 2.1 million light-years away.

"We wouldn't be able to save the entire human population, but perhaps the best and the brightest," observed British rocket scientist Dr. David Hall,
when asked about the feasibility of such a project.

But even if such a craft could be built in time, evacuating Earth might prove fruitless if theories about the origin of the chaos cloud are correct.

"A black hole at the center of Andromeda is about 15 times the size of the one in our own galaxy," Dr. Sherwinski noted.
"It might be like jumping out of the frying pan into the fire."

Speaking under the condition of anonymity, a senior White House official said the president's top science advisors are taking the findings in stride.

"This is a lot like global warming, where the jury is still out on whether it's real or not," said the official.

"The existence of this so called chaos cloud is only a theory. Americans shouldn't panic until all the facts are in."

source

http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread171345/pg1

__________________
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http://educate-yourself.org/
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http://anonymoustruthblog.com/


Now, LETS SEE what we can find out about this !!!


FIRST, A 'PROPER' NEWS STORY, would likely not put a "!" in the subject line and, if something was coming at you; at the speed of light, it would HIT you before you would see it. So, i think this is a HOAX !!!