Malayalam Calendar Follows A Pattern Of Six Seasons Slightly Different From North Indian Calendars

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The Malayalam calendar or Kollam Era, a solar and sidereal Hindu calendar used in Kerala,
follows a pattern of six seasons slightly different from North Indian Calendars.

No.	Ritu	Season	Malayalam solar months	Sanskrit solar months	Gregorian months	Seasonal festivals
1	Vasantam വസന്തം	Spring	Makaram (second half)-Kumbham-Meenam (first half)	Makara (second half)-Kumbha-Mīna (first half)	February & March	Vasantha Panchami, Holi
2	Grishmam ഗ്രീഷ്മം	Summer	Meenam (second half)-Medam-Idavam (first half)	Mīna (second half)-Meṣa-Vṛṣabha (first half)	April & May	Vishu
3	Varsham വർഷം	Monsoon or Rain	Idavam (second half)-Mithunam-Karkatakam (first half)	Vṛṣabha (second half)-Mithuna-Karkaṭaka (first half)	June & July	Karkataka Vavu (marks the beginning of Sharad season)
4	Sarath ശരത്ത്	Early Autumn	Karkitakam (second half)-Chingam-Kanni (first half)	Karkaṭaka (second half)-Siṃha-Kanyā (first half)	August & September	Rakshabandhanam, Krishna Janmashtami (Sri Krishna Jayanti), Onam
5	Hemantham ഹേമന്തം	Late Autumn	Kanni (second half)-Thulam-Vrischikam (first half)	Kanyā (second half)-Tulā-Vṛścik‌‌‌am (first half)	October & November
6	Sisiram ശിശിരം	Winter	Vrischikam (second half)-Dhanu-Makaram (first half)	Vṛścik‌‌‌am (second half)-Dhanu-Makara (first half)	December & January

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