Archaeology Of Turtle Island - North, Central & South America, Mexico, Caribbean Islands

Amaru Muru - The Door of The Snake - The Amarus of Venus

Amaru Muru


http://fortunadrago.xoom.it/main/?page_id=1785⟨=en

To navigate the site refer to the SITEMAP
The portal Amaru Muru , 10.000 years ago someone traveling between this world

(more like almost 26,000 years ago) - note by Susan - The eXchanger _ between the 11th/and, 12th grand cycles

and another through the “Gate of the Snake”. Taken from the site Yuri Leveratto



Amaru Muru - The door of the snake

A few kilometers from the town of Juli, not far from the majestic Lake Titicaca, in Peru, is a very strange place: is the so-called portal Aramu Muru, (also called Hayumarca, City of spirits), a large rock that was perfectly smooth carved in ancient times to the sides so as to take the form of a massive "portal".

The "door" is a square of 7 meters on each side at the bottom center where there is a sunken part of landlocked, large enough that a man can introdurvisi, which, according to the beliefs of the Aymara, lead to the spirit world.

According to the saying, in the second half of last century a man of Aymara descent, named Jose Luis Delgado Mamani, had heard long tales of the shamans who described a mysterious "door" where in the past would have been hidden in a massive "golden sun disc".

When finally discovered Mamani the exact location of the "door", interviewed the locals and found several similarities between the oral histories and the historical period of the "conquistadores".
The Spaniards of the sixteenth century it, when they realized that people loved the "back door Aramu Muru", began to spread the idea that it was a pagan superstition, and that his worship would lead only to hell (why some locals call it "devil's door”).

But what is the origin of the legend of Aramu Muru?

According to oral traditions of the shaman of Lake Titicaca, Aramu Muru was a priest that Inca,
to prevent the "conquistadores" Spaniards took possession of a large golden sun disk was kept in the temple of Coricancha, in Cusco, picks it up and took him away, hiding in the mountains for years.

Finally came the "portal" and passed through, entering another dimension,
bringing with it the golden disk of the Sun, preserving it from the fury of looting of "conquistadors".
This legend was revived and enhanced by the sensitive U.S.G.H. Williamson in his book "The Secret of the Andes".

The book describes the fantastic qualities of the solar disk of gold. Here is an excerpt:

..this disc was not only used as an object of adoration, and even as a symbolic representation of our star, Sun. He was also a scientific instrument, and the secret of his power came originally from the remote past, More from the time of the Race. It was an object of worship as it was used during the rites as "fire" or center of concentration for those who meditated. It served as a symbolic representation of the Great Central Sun, Cosmic Sun, which in turn symbolizes the Creator. As a scientific instrument used to connect it with a complex system of mirrors of pure gold, reflectors and lenses that were used to treat the bodies of those who were inside the Temple of Light. Indeed this was the reason why the temple was called the Divine Light. In addition to all these functions, Solar Disc was a focal point for the concentration of quality dimensions.

When the disk was activated by a priest Scientific,could produce powerful vibrations that gave rise to intense earthquakes, and also to change the inclination of the axis terrestre.Quando instead put himself in harmony with the particular internal frequency of a human being, it could be transported anywhere, Only create the mental image in his mind the trip. It was therefore an object that allowed teleportation.

Today, the "portal" of Aramu Muru is attended by various groups of people who believe in the legend of Aramu nell'esisitenza Muru and a subterranean world inhabited by beings with a profound spirituality. The faithful kneel into the central part and support their forehead in a circular cavity, in order to connect the so-called "third eye" with the "portal". When I arrived at the so-called "stone forest" that surrounds the portal Aramu Muru I decided to analyze the near groped when I realized the place was inhabited in ancient times. In fact, during my short walk nearby I noticed a lot of rocks that were excavated artificially probably used as a "ceremonial altars". I am convinced that the ancient inhabitants of the area considered sacred this place and began to make offerings to the Sun God in the place where it was obtained Subsequently portal, with a significant expenditure of energy and resources. Across the "portal" there is a tunnel (chinkana called in Quechua), according to some local beliefs that lead up to the Tiwanaku and the Isle of the Sun (or island Titicaca). The tunnel was blocked with stones to prevent the children put on and you could get lost in its depths.

http://fortunadrago.xoom.it/main/?page_id=1785⟨=en

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www.youtube.com/watch?v=EX9AhzNeBo4&feature=player_embedded



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by Mark Amaru Pinkham

from ReptilianAgenda Website​

Did you know that the founders of the Great White Brotherhood came form Venus and that many of the branches of the GWB around the planet were founded by spiritual adepts associated with the serpent?

I came to that startling realization some years ago during a journey to Peru.

In Peru I had the good fortune to meet a Peruvian wise man, Anton Ponce de Leon Paiva and become initiated into his esoteric organization, the Brotherhood of the Sun, an Andean branch of the Great White Brotherhood. Anton was asked to found this organization by sages or Elders living in a hidden village within the Andes.


Sister Thedra and Anton Ponce de Leon

The Elders are direct descendants of the Incas and high priests of the Incan Empire and have lived in the secret village since the downfall of that illustrious civilization. Anton's blind-folded journey to the hidden village and the Elders he encountered there is recounted in his books The Wisdom of the Ancient ONE and In Search of the Wise ONE.

Once at the hidden village, Anton was initiated into the Intic Churincuna, the Solar Brotherhood, which had existed since the time of Lemuria, the legendary continent of the Pacific, which is now mostly at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.

The Solar Brotherhood was the first manifestation of the "Great White Brotherhood" on Earth (you will find that all ancient civilizations were Sun worshippers and that the early adepts established headquarters associated with the Sun, such as Heliopolis in Egypt).

The Solar Brotherhood was first brought to Earth from Venus by adepts known as the Kumaras, a name which has the meaning of "androgenous Serpents." You can find references to the Kumaras in the Hindu Puranas where they are described as being the first teachers of Yoga on the planet.

Current branches of the Great White Brotherhood throughout the globe, such as the Theosophists and the Summit Lighthouse, refer to the Kumaras as their beloved founders. These organizations also claim that one Kumara, Sanat Kumara, has remained on Earth for thousands of years to oversee the workings of the GWB from Shamballa, his headquarters in the Gobi Desert.

During his week-long stay at the hidden village, Anton learned from the Elders that the Intic Churincuna was brought to the Andes by a Lemurian sage called Aramu or Amaru (the Serpent), Muru.

Apparently there had been a special convocation on Lemuria just before the continent's fabled destruction and Aramu Muru and other "Serpents" were elected to take the records and power objects of the Kumara/Solar Brotherhood to various parts of the world.

Those who later became the Nagas (Serpents in Sanscrit) in India, the Lung Dragons of China, and the Amarus in Peru, were elected to take the ancient wisdom to their respective countries. Later, a similar convocation would occur on Atlantis with certain serpent masters of that land chosen to take the Atlantean records and teachings to the pan-Atlantic territories.

These missionary Serpents became known as:

• the Quetzlcoatls or Kukulcans in Mexico
• the Djedhi (the "Stable Serpents") of Egypt
• the Druid Adders of Britain
• the Dactyloi of Greece

It is interesting to note that wherever the Lemurian or Atlantean serpents established branches of the GWB they built temples aligned with Venus and the planet itself became associated with saviors and immortals.

The immortal Osiris of Egypt, the savior Queztlcoatl of Mexico, and the World Teacher Jesus Christ, were intimately associated with Venus.

When Aramu Muru finally arrived in the Andes, he established both the Solar Brotherhood, as well as the Brotherhood of the Seven Rays, thereby grounding the infinite light of the Solar Spirit in his new land.

The headquarters of the Brotherhood of the Seven Rays became A hidden monastery in the Andes, the Monastery of the Seven Rays, was built as the heaquarters of the Brotherhood of the Seven Rays and served as both a storehouse for Lemurian power objects and as a school for the dispensation of the sacred Lemurian teachings.



In recent times proof of the existence of the Monastery of the Seven Rays has come from a small group who traveled to the monastery in the 1960s. George Hunt Williamson (Brother Philip), author of Secret of the Andes, later interviewed the members of this party to write his book about the abbey.

One women of the group, Sister Thedra, spent five years at the abbey undergoing intensive spiritual training and initiations.

She had been sent there by Jesus Christ who had physically appeared to her and spontaneously cured her of cancer. He introduced himself to her by his true, esoteric name, "Sananda Kumara," thereby revealing his affiliation with the Venusian founders of the Great White and Solar Brotherhoods.

When Thedra eventually left Peru, she traveled to Mt. Shasta in California and founded the Association of Sananda and Sanat Kumara. Through the work of Sister Thedra (animation left) and her organization the Kumaras have disseminated information concerning their history and the coming Earth changes.

But back to the story... Eventually Aramu Muru became the first priest king of the Incas and was thereafter known among his adopted people as Manco Kapac. Ka-pac means "spiritually wealthy" or "Serpent Wisdom" (many of the great Serpents of the GWB have denoted their serpent wisdom by including the K sound in their names, such as Kumara, Christ (pronounced Krist), Krishna, Kukulcan).

Following his coronation, Manco Kapac took one of the power objects stored within the Monastery of the Seven Rays, the great Solar Disc, and hung it within the main temple of the Incas, the Intiwasi, which was built in Cuzco, Peru.

This Solar Disc had previously hung within an important temple of the Solar Brotherhood on Lemuria and was an important symbol of the organization. By hanging it within the Intiwasi, Manco officially established the Solar Brotherhood in Peru. Later, when the Spanish invaded Peru, the Solar Disc was returned to the Monastery of the Seven Rays for safekeeping.

Before and after building the city of Cusco, capital of the Incan Empire, Manco Kapac and the Kapac Cuna, members of the Solar Brotherhood from Lemuria who arrived in the Andes at about the same time Aramu did, built many megalithic temples in Peru, such as those at Tiahuanaco, Sacsayhuaman, Ollantaytambo, and Machu Picchu. These became contact points for visiting Venusians and members of the Solar and Great White Brotherhoods on Earth.

The wisdom of the Solar Brotherhood was eventually passed down through the lineages of Inca priest kings and high priests of Peru. Throughout their history, the Incan kings were always associated with the serpent and wore bracelets and anklets of slithering serpents to reveal their affiliation. Some monarchs included the Quechuan name for serpent, Amaru, within their royal titles, such as the Inca Tupac Amaru.

Before the complete destruction of the Incas by the Spanish, the high priests of the Incan Solar Brotherhood escaped to a hidden village in the Andes where they carefully preserved the wisdom of their ancient organization. For many years this wisdom was kept secret until Anton was invited to visit.

He was instructed to take the history and teachings of the Solar Brotherhood into the outer world and found an extension or "outer retreat" of the organization.

This outer retreat, now known as Samana Wasi, became located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. It is both the headquarters of the Brotherhood of the Sun as well as a home for abandoned children and old people.

Currently the Elders of the hidden village are in close contact with many of the planetary and galactic brotherhoods on Earth and throughout the universe.

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sumer_anunnaki/reptiles/reptiles21.htm

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Jorgelito

The Door of the Snake is most interesting. It sets in motion many things in me.

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could be in a lot of different sections on thuban - this thread

 

PYRAMIDS off CUBA - ATLANTIS ???


Have you ever heard of the underwater pyramid discovery in Cuba???





Underwater Megalithic Structures Near Western Cuba

In May 2001, engineer Paulina Zelitzky, President of ADC Corporation, Victoria, B. C., Canada and Havana, Cuba, announced the discovery of megalithic structures 2,200 feet down at the western tip of Cuba.

“It is stunning. What we see in our high-resolution sonar images are limitless,
rolling, white sand plains and, in the middle of this beautiful white sand,
there are clear man-made large-size architectural designs.” ​

British historian Andrew Collins suggested, in Gateway to Atlantis, that Cuba was the flagship of Plato’s island empire. He reported on the discoveries of the “lost city” off Cuba, and its importance to the Atlantis legend:

“Readers will be aware of the discovery deep beneath the Yucatan Channel, off the coast of Guanahacabibes in western Cuba, of what is purportedly a lost city. Hi-tech sonar equipment aboard the ‘Ulises’, a vessel owned by Canadian firm Advanced Digital Communications, detected a several-kilometre square area of what appear to be large-size architectural designs partly covered by sand—roads, pyramids and other building structures—at a depth of 2,200 feet. Yet it was not until July 2001 that Paulina Zelitsky, the Russian-born leader of the expedition, got a chance to view the site first-hand.

“A remote operated video (ROV), dispatched to the ocean floor, sent back frustratingly poor quality footage of linear stone features and large stone blocks, their sides and edges worn away by the actions of the sea. What had ADC found?”

Almost immediately, news stopped and the story has since been completely buried. It was rumored that National Geographic had bought the rights to the project, with a promise to sponsor another underwater exploration of the sunken city, but whether this happened or not nobody knows. There were reports of “equipment malfunctions” and other delays… and then silence. The “Atlantis” Story seems to have either been classified or closed down.

Why would they do that..?

http://www.exohuman.com/wordpress/2011/03/ancient-atlantean-city-discovered/

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Jorgelito

What a stunning photograph!! It must be an artist's conception. It would be too deep for divers.

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Eartheart
http://www.riseearth.com/2012/10/atlantis-found-giant-sphinxes-pyramids.html

part 1 www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/113007/Underwater_City_Off_of_Cuba_Part_1_The_Discovery/



part 2 www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/113008/Underwater_City_Off_of_Cuba_Part_2_An_Update/



there are thelinks tomore unpublished vids in this one--- cheers
from: Eartheart

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PART OF THE DOUG YURCHEY 13 GRIDS OF ATLANTIS

 

Huge Crystals Discovered in Waters of the Bermuda Triangle

Huge Crystals Discovered in Waters of the Bermuda Triangle
Thursday, June 14, 2012 23:30

A huge crystal has been uncovered with reports of many larger ones still submerged in the waters around Bermuda. Some researchers are even claiming that the crystals could be responsible for the infamous Bermuda Triangle mystery.



http://beforeitsnews.com/alternative/2012/06/huge-crystals-discovered-in-waters-of-the-bermuda-triangle-2264439.html

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one of the doug yurchey grids of atlantis

 

Aztec Mayan Artifacts show alien et contact ~ Klaus Dona


Artifacts proves alien contact with Mayans!

Artifacts are Revealed! by Nassim Haramein & Klaus Dona Mayan - Secrets to Be Revealed by
Mexican Government in '2012' - Documentary - "Revelations of the Mayans 2012 and Beyond,"
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/...35214920110817
Original by SosickGraphics

Mayan Secrets to Be Revealed by Mexican Government in '2012' Doc

The Mexican government is releasing state-held secrets about the end of the Mayan calendar to the makers of a documentary, "Revelations of the Mayans 2012 and Beyond," TheWrap has learned.

The information -- protected for 80 years -- is expected to reveal Mayan beliefs in future catastrophes and wisdom characterized as "shocking," producer Raul Julia-Levy, son of actor Raul Julia, told TheWrap.

The end of the Mayan calendar in December 2012 has long given rise to theories and speculation about the end of the world.

The agreement will allow Julia-Levy to film in never-before-seen locations.

"The Mayans used to construct one pyramid over another," tourism minister for the Mexican state of Campeche Luis Augusto Garcia Rosado told TheWrap. "In the site at Calakmul (pictured below right), workers for INAH [the National Institute of Anthropology and History] have discovered rooms inside the pyramid that have never been seen or explored before.

"And we're letting this documentary film there, to see what has been discovered inside the pyramid."

Julia-Levy (above) said he'd been made aware of the secret Mayan information by former Mexican president Vicente Fox -- a friend of his family -- and that it took four years of phone calls to finally get the OK from current president Felipe Calderon.

"This is very important for humanity, not just for Mexico," said Julia-Levy. "This information has been protected for 80 years, and now it's important for people to understand the series of events that are coming, and the consequences for all of us."

The English-language documentary will be directed by Juan Carlos Ruflo (whose other films include the 2006 Sundance winner "In the Pit"), and will begin shooting later this year. Elbert said the filmmakers are talking to investors and waiting for the government to give them their first look at the material and the site.

One big condition from the Mexican government was that the film get an initial theatrical release, which is planned for next fall, said Ed Elbert who is co-producing along with Julia-Levy and Sheila M. McCarthy and executive producer Eduardo Vertiz.

"It has to be released before the end of the Mayan calendar, which is Dec. 21, 2012," said Julia-Levy.

That’s the date that the Mayan calendar -- which some believe predicts a worldwide cataclysm -- comes to the end of a 5,126-year cycle, and resets for another cycle.

Julia-Levy has been specifically ordered not to talk about any of the more mystical possibilities that might strain credulity as Mexico prepares to launch the far-reaching (and tourism-inducing) 2012 Mayan World Program.

At one point, Rosado was quoted in a press release talking about contact between the Mayans and extraterrestrials. That statement has been recalled, and Rosado now paints this as a simpler, more archaeological-oriented documentary.

"At the moment, talk of the Mayans is a big thing," Rosado said. "We've counted over 3 million websites talking about the end of the Mayan calendar, and we have been contacted by a lot of producers who want to come and film on our sites."

The project is similar in some ways to a novel Julia-Levy was writing, variously entitled "Chronicles of the Mayan Tunnel" and "Secrets of the Mayan Time Machine." He and co-producer Elbert were also going to make a 3D movie from that novel starring him and Wesley Snipes, he said in the summer of 2010.

Several reports from that time said the novel was being written with the help of "secret information" never before released by the Mexican government. But in their conversations with TheWrap, Julia-Levy and Elbert dismissed that project as a "Harry Potter"-style piece of fiction with no connection to the current documentary.

That film has been set aside, they said, because Snipes is serving a prison sentence for tax evasion. "We put that film on hold," said Elbert. "Dollar-wise, this documentary might be smaller, but it is based on the release of new and important knowledge from the Mayans."

Asked if the movie will involve aliens, mystical elements or doomsday scenarios that have fueled the popular imagination, Julia-Levy declined to elaborate.

"I'm not allowed to speak about that," he said. "Everything is going to come out in time, but I can't comment on aliens or on 2012.

"I can just say that the Mexican government is preparing to tell humanity and the world things that are critical for us, for the way we live, for the way we've been handling the planet."


We are the Eventhorizon
Luctor et Emergo

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The last image at the end of the Crop Circle in England shows the extraterrestrial holding a disk with a message in binary code.
This message says::

"Beware the bearers of False gifts and their Broken promises.
Much pain but still time.
There is good out there.
We oppose deception.
Conduit closing.

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Any thoughts on this crop circle that occurred justwest of Winchester (Hampshire, UK) in 2002 ?
It is an 'alien face' with a circular grid containing some kind of binary data sequence.

The disc was deciphered by Paul Vigay by simply using ASCII computer code:

"Beware the bearers of FALSE gifts and their BROKEN PROMISES.
Much PAIN but still time. There is GOOD out there.
We Oppose DECEPTION. Conduit CLOSING."

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Jorgelito

Double Pyramid

I remember seeing a pyramid inside the other. But I don't where it was. Inside the inside one was a sacred altar featuring jade. No one I talked to since knew about such a thing. I was begriming to think I made up the whole thing.

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maybe, good to research that "J" ?

 

Ox Te' Tuun aka Calakmul - The kingdom of The Serpent / Snake or The Serpent / Snake Kingdom




Calakmul is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche, deep in the jungles of the greater Petén Basin region. It is 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the Guatemalan border. It was one of the largest and most powerful ancient cities ever uncovered in the Maya lowlands. Calakmul is a modern name, in ancient times the city core was known as Ox Te' Tuun. Calakmul was the seat of what has been dubbed the Kingdom of the Snake or Snake Kingdom. This Snake Kingdom reigned during most of the Classic period. Calakmul itself is estimated to have had a population of 50,000 people and had governance, at times, over places as far away as 150 kilometers. There are 6,750 ancient structures identified at Calakmul the largest of which is the great pyramid at the site. (photo)
The Great Pyramid at Calakmul is a 50 metres (160 ft) high pyramid to the east of the site core. A number of stelae were erected at its base by Yuknoom Took' K'awiil in 731.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calakmul
https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=454021461304075&id=156542674395324

 

ATLANTIS FOUND...off cuba

ATLANTIS FOUND...




Pyramids 2,310 feet under the waters near Cuba were discovered by two scientists Paul Weinzweig and Pauline Zalitzki. They found the ruins of ancient buildings about a half mile below the sea.

Paulina found elsewhere in Cuba ancient descriptions and symbols that was identical to those on the waterfront structures below. The two scientists used submarines to locate and explore these pyramid structures. They found a written language engraved on the stones. The U.S. government discovered the alleged place during the Cuban missile crisis in the sixties, Nuclear submarines cruising in the Gulf (in deep sea) met pyramid structures. They immediately took control in order that it will not come to Soviet hands. Or so the story goes...

A whistleblower from the army, that used to serve in Montego Bay told they are still working on the site and recovering objects and instruments.

This area in Cuba has not been above water in less than 10,000 years ago...
View: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klRbcEnLPbU

Underwater City Off of Cuba Part 1 (The Discovery)

View: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klRbcEnLPbU

About seven years ago the news went around the world and all over the net. National Geographic published an article on their web site and had plans to cover the whole story and follow up with more invertigations. In 2005 they walked out of the deal. Some say it had to do with Cuba/USA relationship and other believe it goes "DEEPER" than that. Paulina says she needs $2,000,000.00 to go back and drill through the pyramids and see what is inside. She wants to recover artifacts. She has now moved over to other projects near Mexico because she needs to make a living.
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View: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hk6SWtumdK0&feature=related

Underwater City Off of Cuba Part 2 (An Update)

View: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hk6SWtumdK0

Despite some degree of publicity, these outrageous findings have still not been publicized for the outside world. On this second part you will get to see Zelitskys pyramid, from submersible view, compared with Bent Pyramid of Dashur. You will also see the link to see two short videos of to monoliths or pyramids.
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Underwater City of Cuba or Ancient Atlantaen

View: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72lVi9mesMY

Underwater city at cuba found at 2001 but no publicity like japan underwater buildings...WHY?

Article: Underwater City Found Off Cuba http://www.spiritofmaat.com/announce/cubacity.htm

Attached Images



https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/NESARA101/conversations/topics/32117

 

Atlantis ? Giant Pyramids & Sphinxes off coast of Cuba




Higher Perspective: Giant Pyramids and Sphinxes Found in The Bermuda Triangle

Two scientists working off the coast of Cuba using a robot submersible have confirmeda gigantic city exists at the bottom of the ocean. The site of the ancient city — that includes several sphinxes and at least four giant pyramids— sits within the fabled Bermuda Triangle.

http://www.altering-perspectives.com/2013/06/giant-pyramids-and-sphinxes-found-in.html

 

massive 1100 + year old site found in mountains in Georgia, USA


Massive 1100 + year old Mayan Site discovered in Georgia USA in the mountains
Richard Thornton, Architecture & Design Examiner

December 21, 2011 - Like this? Subscribe to get instant updates.

Archaeological zone 9UN367 at Track Rock Gap, near Georgia’s highest mountain, Brasstown Bald, is a half mile (800 m) square and rises 700 feet (213 m) in elevation up a steep mountainside. Visible are at least 154 stone masonry walls for agricultural terraces, plus evidence of a sophisticated irrigation system and ruins of several other stone structures. Much more may be hidden underground. It is possibly the site of the fabled city of Yupaha, which Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto failed to find in 1540, and certainly one of the most important archaeological discoveries in recent times.



This 3D virtual reality image was made from the Johannes Loubser site plan.
There may be many other hidden structures in the ancient site [Credit: Richard Thornton]

BLAIRSVILLE, GA (December 21, 2011) -- Around the year 800 AD the flourishing Maya civilization of Central America suddenly began a rapid collapse. A series of catastrophic volcanic eruptions were followed by two long periods of extreme drought conditions and unending wars between city states.

Cities and agricultural villages in the fertile, abundantly watered, Maya Highlands were the first to be abandoned. Here, for 16 centuries, Itza Maya farmers produced an abundance of food on mountainside terraces. Their agricultural surpluses made possible the rise of great cities in the Maya Lowlands and Yucatan Peninsula. When the combination of volcanic eruptions, wars and drought erased the abundance of food, famines struck the densely populated Maya Lowlands. Within a century, most of the cities were abandoned. However, some of the cities in the far north were taken over by the Itza Maya and thrived for two more centuries.

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In 1839, English architect, Frederick Catherwood, and writer, John Stephens “rediscovered’ the Maya civilization on a two year long journey through southern Mexico. When their book on the journey was published in 1841, readers in Europe and North America were astounded that the indigenous peoples of the Americas could produce such an advanced culture. Architects in both continents immediately recognized the strong similarity in the architectural forms and town plans between southern Mexico and the Southeastern United States. Most agronomists were convinced that corn, beans and tobacco came to the natives of the United States and Canada from Mexico.

In the decades since Catherwood’s and Stephens’ book, archaeologists have not identified any ruins in the United States which they considered to be built by a people, who had originated in Mexico. This was primarily due to their unfamiliarity with the descendants of the Southeastern mound-builders . . . tribes such as the Creeks, Alabamas, Natchez, Chitimachas and Choctaws. In particular, the languages of the Creek Indians contain many Mesoamerican words.

Historians, architects and archaeologists have speculated for 170 years what happened to the Maya people. Within a few decades, the population of the region declined by about 15 million. Archaeologists could not find any region of Mexico or Central America that evidenced a significant immigration of Mayas during this period, except in Tamaulipas, which is a Mexican state that borders Texas on the Gulf of Mexico. However, Maya influence there, seemed to be limited to a few coastal trading centers. Where did the Maya refugees go? By the early 21st century, archaeologists had concluded that they didn’t go anywhere. They had died en masse.

The evidence was always there

In 1715 a Jewish lass named Liube, inscribed her name and the date on a boulder in Track Rock Gap. When Europeans first settled the Georgia Mountains in the early 1800s, they observed hundreds of fieldstone ruins, generally located either on mountaintops or the sides of mountains. These ruins consisted of fort-like circular structures, walls, Indian mounds veneered in stone, walls, terrace retaining walls or just piles of stones. Frontiersmen generally attributed these structures to the Indians, but the Cherokees, who briefly lived in the region in the late 1700s and early 1800s, at that time denied being their builders.

By the mid-20th century many Georgians held little reverence for Native American structures. Dozens of Indian mounds and stone masonry structures were scooped up by highway contractors to use in the construction of highways being funded by the Roosevelt Administration. Providing jobs and cheap construction materials seemed more important in the Depression than preserving the past.

During the late 20th century, the Georgia state government took an active role in preserving some of the stone ruins. Archaeologists surveyed a few sites. One of the better known ruins became Fort Mountain State Park. For the most part, however, the stone ruins remained outside the public consciousness.

In 1999 archaeologist Mark Williams of the University of Georgia and Director of the LAMAR Institute, led an archaeological survey of the Kenimer Mound, which is on the southeast side of Brasstown Bald in the Nacoochee Valley. Residents in the nearby village of Sautee generally assume that the massive five-sided pyramidal mound is a large wooded hill. Williams found that the mound had been partially sculpted out of an existing hill then sculpted into a final form with clay. He estimated the construction date to be no later than 900 AD. Williams was unable to determine who built the mound.

Williams is a highly respected specialist in Southeastern archaeology so there was a Maya connection that he did not know about. The earliest maps show the name Itsate, for both a native village at Sautee and another five miles away at the location of the popular resort of Helen, GA. Itsate is what the Itza Mayas called themselves. Also, among all indigenous peoples of the Americas, only the Itza Mayas and the ancestors of the Creek Indians in Georgia built five-side earthen pyramids as their principal mounds. It was commonplace for the Itza Maya to sculpt a hill into a pentagonal mound. There are dozens of such structures in Central America.

The name of Brasstown Bald Mountain is itself, strong evidence of a Maya presence. A Cherokee village near the mountain was named Itsa-ye, when Protestant missionaries arrived in the 1820s. The missionaries mistranslated “Itsaye” to mean “brass.” They added “town” and soon the village was known as Brasstown. Itsa-ye, when translated into English, means “Place of the Itza (Maya).”

Into this scenario stepped retired engineer, Cary Waldrup, who lives near Track Rock Gap. In 2000 he persuaded the United States Forest Service to hire a professional archaeologist from South Africa, Johannes Loubser, to study the famous Track Rock petroglyphs, and also prepare a map of the stone walls across the creek in site 9UN367. Waldrup and his neighbors felt that the stone structure site deserved more professional attention. They collected contributions from interested citizens in Union County, GA to fund an archaeological survey by Loubser’s firm, Stratum Unlimited, LLC.

Loubser’s work was severely restricted by his available budget, but his discoveries “opened up the door” for future archaeological investigations. His firm dug two test pits under stone structures to obtain soil samples. In conjunction with the highly respected archaeological firm of New South Associates in Stone Mountain, GA he obtained radiocarbon dates for the oldest layer of fill soil in a test pit, going back around 1000 AD. He also found pottery shards from many periods of history. Loubser estimated that some of the shards were made around 760 AD – 850 AD. This is exactly when Maya population began to plummet.

Loubser described the 9UN367 archaeological site as being unique in the United States, and stated that examples of such sites are only found elsewhere in the Maya Highlands and South America. However, he did not present an explanation for who built the stone walls. He was in a conundrum. The Eastern Band of Cherokees had labeled Track Rock Gap as a “Cherokee Heritage Sacred Site.” He had been led to believe that the area had occupied by the Cherokee Indians for many centuries, yet he also knew that the Cherokees never built large scale public works. In fact, the Cherokees established a handful of hamlets in the extreme northeastern tip of Georgia during the 1700s, but the western side of Brasstown Bald Mountain, where Track Rock is located, was not official Cherokee territory until 1793.

Shared research between scholars

The People of One Fire is an alliance of Native American scholars (and their archaeologist friends) that was formed in 2006 after the Georgia Department of Transportation refused to retract a press release which blatantly contradicted several studies by nationally respected archaeologists. Much of its research has focused on tracing the movement of people, ideas and cultivated plants from Mesoamerica and Caribbean Basin to North America. By instantly sharing research rather than hoarding information, very rapid advances have been made in the past five years concerning the history of the indigenous people of North America.

The archaeological site would have been particularly attractive to Mayas because it contains an apparently dormant volcano fumarole that reaches down into the bowels of the earth. People of One Fire researchers have been aware since 2010 that when the English arrived in the Southeast, there were numerous Native American towns named Itsate in Tennessee, Georgia, South Carolina and western North Carolina. They were also aware that both the Itza Mayas of Central America and the Hitchiti Creeks of the Southeast actually called themselves Itsate . . . and pronounced the word the same way. The Itsate Creeks used many Maya and Totonac words. Their architecture was identical to that of Maya commoners. The pottery at Ocmulgee National Monument (c 900 AD) in central Georgia is virtually identical to the Maya Plain Red pottery made by Maya Commoners. However, for archaeologists to be convinced that some Mayas immigrated to the Southeast, an archaeological site was needed that clearly was typical of Mesoamerica, but not of the United States.

In July of 2011, Waldrup furnished a copy of the 2000 Stratum Unlimited, LLC archaeological report to People of One Fire members. Those with experiences at Maya town sites instantly recognized that the Track Rock stone structures were identical in form to numerous agricultural terrace sites in Chiapas, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras. Johannes Loubser’s radiocarbon dates exactly matched the diaspora from the Maya lands and the sudden appearance of large towns with Mesoamerican characteristics in Georgia, Alabama and southeastern Tennessee. Track Rock Gap was the “missing link” that archaeologists and architects had been seeking since 1841.

Archaeologist have been looking for vestiges of “high” Maya civilization in the United States, when all along it was the commoners “who got the heck out of Dodge City” when wars, famines, droughts and almost non-stop volcanic eruptions became unbearable. The Itza Maya middle class and commoners became the elite of such towns as Waka (Ocmulgee National Monument) and Etalwa (Etowah Mounds) Just as happened in England after the Norman Invasion, the separate cultures of the commoners and nobility of the indigenous Southeast eventually blended into hybrid cultures that became our current Native American tribes.

The Track Rock Gap Archaeological Zone and Petroglyphs are owned by the citizens of the United States and protected by the United States Forestry Service. The archaeological zone is open to the public year-round and may be accessed by a network of trails requiring rigorous hiking. Both the Creek and Cherokee Indians consider this place to be a very sacred, so please be respectful. By Federal law, the ruins and petroglyphs may not be disturbed in any way.

Winter is the best time to view the stone structures, but the region can get significant snow storms. Check the weather report before leaving home. To obtain information on the hiking trails contact either the Chattahoochee Forest Visitors Center in Blairsville, GA at 706-745-6928 or the main office of the Chattahoochee National Forest in Gainesville, GA at 770-297-3000. Information on accommodations near Track Rock Gap can be obtained from the Blairsville Area Chamber of Commerce at 877-745-5789. The region is a major tourist destination, so there are plenty of restaurants, motels and bed & breakfast homes available.

If you have questions about Native American history, please contact Richard at NativeQuestion@aol.com . These questions will be answered in his other Native American History Examiner column.

Richard Thornton has written a book on the Archaeological Site 9UN367 and the evidence of the immigration of Mesoamerican refugees to North America. It will be available from the publisher in early January 2012, and is entitled, “Itsapa . . . the Itza Mayas in North America.” The book includes over 250 full color, virtual reality images and photographs, including pictures of identical Maya agricultural terrace sites in Chiapas, Guatemala, Campeche and Belize. Indiana film maker, John Haskell is also producing a documentary film on the Maya diaspora.

The previously unknown story is fascinating. For example, the famous “eye on hand” motif found on Native American art throughout the Southeast and Midwest is the symbol of the Maya’s supreme deity, Hunab-ku. For information on reserving or ordering Thornton’s book, go to www.historyrevealedmedia.com.

http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2011/12/massive-1100-year-old-maya-site.html#.U5KBKS_VFD1

 

Plains Indian Fortress With Moat, ‘Underground Apartments’ Unearthed in Oklahoma

Plains Indian Fortress With Moat, ‘Underground Apartments’ Unearthed in Oklahoma, USA

Blake de Pastino, Dec 02, 2013​

http://westerndigs.org/plains-indian-fortress-with-moat-underground-apartments-unearthed-in-oklahoma/

A tumultuous time on the southern Plains is slowly returning to the surface in Oklahoma, where archaeologists have excavated a 250-year-old fortress built by a people known as the Taovaya, who sought refuge there from bands of raiders and Spanish attackers.

The fort was constructed on the northern banks of the Red River — now the boundary between Oklahoma and Texas — in the 1750s, archaeologists say. And it featured an “impressive” array of defenses, including a wooden stockade surrounded by a dry moat and a series of “underground apartments” where Taovaya women and children found safety during battles.



A lithograph from the mid-1800s depicts a Wichita Village in
Oklahoma, near the end of the era when the Taovaya were
“a major force on the southern Plains,” according to anthropologists.

“As far as I am aware, no similar subterranean structures have been identified at other fortifications on the Plains, or elsewhere in North America,” said the University of Oklahoma’s Dr. Richard Drass, who led the excavation, in an interview.

In addition to unearthing this unique structure, the dig seems to lay to rest a long-standing dispute over where a conflict known as The Battle of the Twin Villages — a failed attempt by Spanish settlers and their Apache allies to conquer the Taovaya in 1759 — took place.

Despite a number of monuments across the river in Texas that testify to the contrary, that battle took place in Oklahoma, not Texas, Drass said.

“Only [this site] matches the descriptions of the setting in the Spanish accounts of the conflict,” he noted in the bulletin of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society.



A detail of a mural now in Mexico depicts the attack by the Taovaya
and Comanche on the Spanish Mission San Saba, in what’s now Texas.

Indeed, it was detailed depictions of the unusual fort made around the time of the battle that gave Drass’ team the clues they needed to identify it.

Written descriptions from the 1760s describe the Taovaya fort as a stockade on the riverbank made from “thick posts stuck in the ground in the manner of scissors,” with “a very deep trench” around it and “four subterranean apartments occupying all of its [inner] circumference.”

Not only does the Oklahoma site fit this description, Drass said, but further documentary evidence suggests that the other of the Taovaya “twin villages” — the one commemorated in Texas as the battle site — didn’t exist in 1759.

“It is now pretty much accepted that [the Oklahoma fort] was the site attacked by the Spanish,” Drass told the bulletin.

The Spanish stormed the fort after the Taovaya raided a Texas mission in 1758. But, Drass points out, the original purpose of the fort was not to keep out the Spanish.

Instead, the Taovaya, a subgroup of the Wichita, faced greater and more immediate pressure from neighboring tribes, he said.

“The fortifications built at Wichita villages served as defenses against primarily native groups such as the Apache and Osage,” he observed.

The Osage frequently raided Wichita villages for horses, he said, while Apache groups, “an old enemy of the Wichita,” were being pushed into nearby territory by the Comanche.

[Read about some recent discoveries that may change these views of Apache migrations.]

By the mid-1700s, this combined pressure had forced the Taovaya to flee their earlier farming settlements in northern Oklahoma and move down to the Red River, Drass explained.

In the 1960s, archaeologists had explored enough of the Red’s banks to find the ruins of the village that the Taovaya had built there. But Drass’ team set out expressly to study the storied fortress that defended it.

“Our excavations were designed to test the nature of the fort construction and specifically to identify the ‘apartments’ described within the fort,” he said.



A meter-wide excavation ditch reveals the
remains of“subterranean apartments” in
the Taovaya fort originallydescribed by
Spanish observers in the 1760s.
(Photo courtesy Richard Drass)

Their dig revealed two such features, pits about 1.3 meters deep and 7 meters wide, with earthen benches or steps built along the walls, and post holes in the floor where poles held thatched roofs.

Magnetic imaging of the surface suggested the presence of two more such features, Drass added, which would account for the four apartments described by Spanish observers.

“These were said to be for protection of noncombatants — women, children, and old men — and as storage areas for supplies,” Drass said.

“We were very interested in this subterranean ‘apartment,’ as we thought it was a distinctive ditch feature,” he added.

He has only seen it at one other site, he said: the Taovaya village in northern Oklahoma that was abandoned when its inhabitants fled south.

Several meters away from the apartments, the team also found evidence of a moat encircling the site. Despite its medieval connotations, Drass noted, it wasn’t an aquatic feature, but it served the same defensive purpose.

“It would not have contained water,” he said. “It was designed to prevent enemies on horseback from reaching the fort.”

Other finds, meanwhile, were noteworthy mainly because they were in such short supply: artifacts.
Some bison bones, musket balls, arrow points and gun ornaments were found, but none of the dense detritus of day-to-day life, suggesting that the Taovaya didn’t live in the fort on a regular basis, but rather retreated to it during attacks.



An aerial photo shows the faint outline of the fort on the
northern bank of the Red River. (Photo courtesy Richard Drass)

In the years following their victory over the Spanish and Apache, the Taovaya became “a major force in the southern Plains,” Drass said, “[but] by the mid-1800s Wichita life had changed significantly, and the tribe was decimated by diseases and conflict.”

His team’s excavations on the Red River have turned up some important details about this pivotal time in the tribe’s history, Drass said, but much more remains to be clarified about how war, trade, and migration changed this group and this corner of the West.

“Historical records provide us some insight into life on the Plains at this time, but archeological research is necessary to fill out the story of Wichita life at time when these people were one of the major groups in the area,” Drass said.

“Our research on these forts is really only just beginning.”

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Sources:

• “2013 Excavations at the Historic Longest Site and Wichita Fortifications on the Southern Plains,” Richard R. Drass, Stephen M. Perkins, Susa. Vehik, and Michael Carlock, 2013 Plains Anthropology Conference, Loveland, Colo.
• Oklahoma Anthropological Society Quarterly Newsletter

http://westerndigs.org/plains-india...underground-apartments-unearthed-in-oklahoma/

 

The Lost City of Gold ~ in Peru


They found a lost city of gold in Peru